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1.


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2.

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3.

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Ϥ޵˶֪ԸжౡȻһˣȴ۰

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˭뵽һҲб΢ͷһ졣


ܾһʱˬº׷޻᳡



1

سǹʻչļٿһ鱦Ʒᣬ֪ݳƷƻչʾһ
˵㿪ʼʱ仹вһСʱ̨æһҡ
մ㣬ҸղŽӵ˼ﾭ˴ĵ绰˵˼ͻθȥҽԺˣˡ
һλŮҴܽͳﰲŵܼ˵
Ϣմüͷһ壬ӿֳŭ
вҲǰ绰һǺ׼һֲǹģԼܵСˣ͸˷أᱻߡ
մԽԽͬʱżȻʱҸӣʮӾͿʼˣĶʺϵѡ
ǰ˼ôܸ¶Ҫǽָ
ˣ˵ˡ
մڲ²ʲô֮ҪϽҵչʾǹ˾Ʒģء
߻һȦմնĳٻӰϣ۶ʱ˹⡣
ôˣ
첽߹ȥմһ߬סԷתߡ
մ㣬ʲô𣿡
æżͼ¼鱦ϸڵ⣬ͻȻͱߣʮִ㵡
˼ˣϡ
ʲô£æܾҲУҲרҵģأ㡣
һ빫˾ʦôҲ벻̯
ûİ취ˣ˵У·š
մ֮ѡƣȻҲɵġ
ƵĸӺܸߣĺܺãģһΪ˼רŶȹ϶ʺϣʵȻŮҲܷһƷ⡣
Ʊ¼䣬մ˰ȹ
մ㣬ĲС
ƻܾȴϣΪ˾ԱҪ쵼ţ㻹벻תˣ
ҡ
ϻˣαֺˣ̸ת
մ˵꣬صġһŸˡ
ȹӣε̾˿
ʵϰĺܱ΢òײŽ֪鱦ţܾܲɣ
ӲͷƤϰɣ

ƻȹӳΧ˲һƬ
ȹɷ֪ķװʦٵģǼ򵥵ɫǲëף޻ȴ͸¶ǴƵϣ˿ʳ˼̻ӡ
մͷƣЧˣȻ˼ﴩÿ
һҲ׷׸ſޡ
ƾûеԹڸġ
㴩Ьմʡ
ƣ37
մܿ˸һ˫ʺϵɫ߸ЬЬһ˲䣬ƻˡ
մ㣬ûôߵġ
û˵ֻ꣬մｫЬǺݺһңЬž͵ˡ
Ůǿˣ׼ݣ
ӸߣҲҪôߵĸ
մĵ¶΢Ц̧Ƶļ򣬡飬š
á
Ƶ¶ǿЦݣ
KenױԽԽá
ƻЬԺմַɿױʦ
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ȻѾѧҵҲôױҪΪҹ˾ҪԱױϰ࣬ڻֲеһġ
ױԺƸ˵ĸоӾޣƹµӰˮۣ͸Ͼ˵Ҳ˻ɡ
ܺá
մصͷһʱ䣬̨ǰΣǧ򲻿Գ
һƵӽˡ
һƷֵܼٶ󶼸оϳġ
Ѿ̨ˣ׼
մͻȻ֣Ʒŷɵ˼
ǹ˾ڵһģİ£ȥ̨¥ݿ׼̨չʾ
մϸһλļ㣬ƽġ
ǻӭJmsƷƴƷչʾ
˵Ļһ䣬մ̨ˡ
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СԸ񶼺ܵԵʣƷԼȻûôš
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Ǽ߳ɶѣ̨»˺ܶˣһЩǸ˾ĸ߲㣬˵ǹ˾Ҳš
ˣҪֺˡ
Jms˾ƷֽСšǹ˾ʦϪơ
˵ĽܣT̨һĨɫ׷ĲڶĿ˳ĵøҫˡ
רҵģزֻܸԼǰĽзӡ
Ʋ̨֪µһЩ˶ڵۣ֪ļҹ˾ģأʾ⣬оͻὫ˵ȥ
մ￴ųȵĲȻһ
֪Լῴˣн˾ģǿֵȻʣֳĳ죬Ů˾͵Ļ
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ֲվǶ󿴼룬ҿ롣
תͷһ˲䣬Ⱥв׽һĨϤӰ
˴źɫװڴĳһ׵÷ȴֲң͸¶һɲҰԡ
ƻƬ̵
̫ûˣһ˰ɣ
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ƶ룬Եͷû̧
վ̨ϣûע⵽ɣ
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̶̵ʮӣ˵ȴһǫ̂񾭲ų׷оԼһĺ
ֵúܺãҾͰת
մ˼ˣΪưһ⡣
ΪתϢܿģû뵽Ȼܾˣˣմ㡣
ţմ¶⡣
ϣԼƾõתĻᣬϾǲҵıְƲ˵Ǽ͡
մܲ˵Ļ֪ŮʲôŻͿ͸
㲻ؾû֣̿ת£ʵдˣβһˡ
ƾܾˣմҲǼҪת
ô˵ˣٲԸ⣬ʶȤˡ
һúñֵģллմ㡣
ã֤ҿ
մ﷢ĵһЦȥ·˵ȽͳԷ
ưȹˣԼ·ӿʱԼʱǱ߹һĨĻȡ
ѩϲҹ

ƺһͬ߳չģͬ¶˵㲻תȥģذɡ
ţʼ磬Ҵѧ겻ǰѧô
Ҳģض׬Ǯʦ֪Ҫȶܰͷ
ԼȰ¶֮¡
⻰Ļ䣬ԱһӰ˹ȥ
Ųһ٣ԷͷҲأıʹһ¡
ûע⻹װûأ
еĹ⿴ͺ˧λǰɣ
ͬ»յƵĶ䣬գգ۾ȷʵͦ˧ģû˭ܱȵһ۾ޡ
ƿһɫļӳ淿ֿͬʼλ߸˧
һֱͷͬ³ô˧һȤûа
Ƶ˼ǿһЦ˧ҲңǸҪȤ
ô˵Ĵָߣ

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2

գƸ˾յת֪ͨմЧһֱܸߣ˳ŵͻ̶֡
ͬǷ׷ףƣͳԷЦŴӦ˵ĩȥԻ
һ죬Լλ׼ʼһĹûãմͽȥ칫һˡ
̹ȥվſʱһŲŶ롣
մͷдʲô֪㿪żɽ˵ӽ쿪ʼᵽҰ칫ԣԺֻһˡ
ƾˣ㻳Լ
ŸתΪܼˣ
㣬𹼸ҵմɨһۣ˵úֱӡ
մ㣬ҡ
˵㲻С
ûûСæҡͷ֤һúŬ湤ġ

մ¶΢Цˣȳȥɡ
תߣ칫ҳһ̣оƵġ

磬뼸λͬ³˻лҶչˡ
󣬳Լȥ֣ƾܾˣ˵Ҫȥ̽үү
ԴJmsʵϰûȥүүǶÿճ壬ĩҪӰ࣬һֱû
ͬڻſڸֱӴȥլһ˾ʦַԷõ٩˵Ǯ˰Ǳ߿ı
ƵһЦûǮסǶ
иôǮҲǺõġ
˾ʦпţ档
լĺԶ򳵹ȥҲʮӣƲźЩûء
⳵ͣڱĴ⣬߽䱸ɭϣ룬Ƹ˳Ǯ³
ſֵıȻϵһЦŴкˡ
š
Ƶͷ˵ȥүү
˵ү岻ãкüûɢˡ
һƵĶʱ
ˣϽǰߣҴҸլ

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үүʹˣҲûиϰԺæҲóʱ
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ҵ˭ء
һĨЦĴǱţ΢΢˿ƽȥ
û뵽ȫû׼˼ŷӦæ硣
µһ룬үӼʹ˶
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š
ƸϽȥүǰүү
þûˣǹ̫æ𣿡
ǰүүƵͷظ˵Ҹս˾ʵϰܶ鶼㲻ף϶Ҫȱ˶ึһЩŬôнأ
ү͵صͷʵʵϰôˣ˵ʲôʱת𣿡
ҽѾתˡ
ţүӵ۾ȸղˣģ
ţ쵼˵ұֲ͸תˡ
Ůүӵ漴ȴֳ̾˿һ˺ܶɣ
й˾Ҫʲôְλ뵥һңҲֵ֧ףѾͷйúܣƫҪԼŬȥȡ
ƿүүۣҲ˶ݣʱԵʲôأⲻ̵ҵҪǰԹ󣬾͵˺
үү˵ʲôˡ
ү˵⻰ʱ򣬻վǶһۡ
޽յүүӵЦһ
ҲôòУҰһ
˭ˣҪү̻Ҹ
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үү岻ã˵䡣
ǳˣҽѵˡ
˵ǻʮСĵүүᱻԣ׽ˣʲô¶
Уүúİɣҳˡ
˵꣬ת߳鷿
үε̾˿ʲôʱܳ󰡣
үүʵҾͦԼ뷨ġ
ʲô뷨ˣ֪ʲô
ƻû˵ͱүӴϣŪҲټ˵ˡ

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үӷԸ˺ܶưԵĲˣ󿴵ܵǿҵƫġ
һ극ӻȥ
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ܾүӵˣҶû˵Ķ͸Ҳ˳·
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үүҴ򳵻ȥˣѧҵˣôΪҲأ
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ү˵꣬ŭĿޣͣ˵ʲô㶼ǰɣ
Ҳ֪岻ã֮µͷã͡
ƶû뵽Э¶⡣
ƣԵ˴Ϻүӱ˵ţ߼˸Ž
һĻ޹ʣүүѵҲͦϺģ
үһۣ˵㰮ԾͰԣʲô£

ʱѾ˵㣬޸Ƶ˸ɫߡ
ƺһǰһ߳ڵҽͺˣ߰ɡ
ٷϻһʲô£үҪҡ
޵Ҳ˲ͷ
ƴС˵Ȼŵò˵ʲô
ϳԼ򿪳صλá
ƺΣΪϵͳ̫߼˰첻֪ôŪֻؿޣ磬ס԰Լɡ
ôôƴѧģ
ؿһָۣĻϷɿص˼¡
Ƶһˣӣ͵һۡ
˵㣬ȥӲʣ
ʱ棬δŮ͵Ŀ⣬һֱֱǰ
ƺദʱܻоձôȥҲˡ
ڻ谵ֻܵͷĬĬָҵ¶ͲôΡ
ͻȻĬձˡ
үү֪ڵĹģ𣿡
⣬¡
ԭע⵽ˣҲǣվT̨ϣôܿ
ʶڽͣǹ˾ԤԼģͻȻˣԲϵġ

һỵ̂һ°͡
ıְʲô
ʦ
˵˾Ǵӵ£
Ʋϲ٬Цǣŷζ
ϲ飬ҲġЦȥɣȴǿ
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ĽŸһأѳŹϣͰѳˣ֮һԱʻ
ŽʧҹɫеĳβƵıһЩ̡
ôãһעⰲȫû˵

3

Ʊ˯һ£Ͼͽӵ̴ĵ绰˵þûˣȥҳԷ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣ˯СʱĻҲûˣƸɴֱ˴ȥϴּ䡣
ҵһˣʼĴмΪǴûˣүүŮ̴Ůһ㣬ѧϰķ棬ޱȹġ
˵ӣһиŮʱˣԲΡ
ǻ룬ܹңΪС
ϴ꣬ƽԼ棬ҲСʱˣӲʳпڳԵӾС
ͣƻ·Ьͳˡ
µ죬΢㣬£ֻɫƵĳȹ˼ɫ¡
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ɳϣ˾䣬ǣʮˣĶʣ

˵ĳ嶯úңס
ˣæתƻ⣬磬˾ææ
æ
ޣҧгݵؼһ֡
üңܵӡ
˴ӹ͸һаĻ

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˵Լûע⡣
ƴɫƵȹӣ޴ɫƵĳɫԼͼȫһ͸¿Ƶġ
ˡ
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Ŀ
գգ۾Ǻ鱦ҵйص𣿲ȻΪʲôչ᣿

쵽Էʱ򣬶ҲˣֵܵˣʱмˣԼ쳣
֪Ҳصظ˿İ
һΣһҶƵˮֵͬơ
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ɳϿֻȻƣ㲻Ҳһɡ
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нӹģƿŶޣڨЦſڵ磬顣
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ҧҧҲƴȫ
ôŬǴ򲻹ߵΪˡ
غ۵Ƶģ
飬·˵ǶҵĶ֡
ƿˮݸƣ˵̫̬ˣǲˡ
šƿǣ˿ˮͷϵĺ綼о۵𣿡
һжʮ춼ȥͦ
⻰˵꣬˹
ƫĵģҲ֪ƿˮ
ʣģ𣿡
˻ʣ˰ƿˮ
޵һۣʲôʱȹʣˮ
⻰ͷһ
ΪǰһΣ޴ëƿˮһڡ
ʱӦûעɡ
ƺ꣬Ҳˡ
ؽˡ
һ£ˡ
˵꣬ƣӦòӻȥ˰ɣ


4

ƵĴԻûӦѿڶһ䣬㲻鷳ĻҲԡ
뿿һıܣʱԼƲס
û뵽Լһʣ治ˡ
˵ĻҲջȥͷУ߰ɡ
ƿˣ硣
á
ﴽһЦޣȫ͵ҡ
һܰˣ
޷꣬شһݰͰ͵ģҲֵǮ
ƣ
һ첻ǲǻܰ

޴뿪·ʱӵһͨ硣
Ҳ֪Է˵ʲôҵ绰ƣû°ɣ
ûа
Ҵȥ档
ƵӹһĨȣΪΪڶû뵽ǰһ˵ȥ档
û޴ȥ˾֪ˡ
Լ˰Сʱ޵ĳͣһϽֵӿǶ
ôֵطˣƺֹһ㲻Ҫʲô
³
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ʯ̳ɵ·滹гʪ̦ǰһף⾳
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ĸʱڵģ
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ʦҡͷһЦֻ˵ʵѡ

Ժת˰죬һֱЩݲݣȻļ£תͷ˫
ƻµڷճĽɫâ˷·ԡů֮УԵޱ͡
Ʋ㿴񣬻üʱҡ
̸ˣ
š
Ӧ̧ʱ䣬ˣóˡ
ҪҳʲôóԵģʶ˾䡣
ȴҿû˵Ҫԡ

ƵǼװˣҽӰɣ͵ˡ
ǡ
޵Ц֪ĻΪôŰˡ
ŬŬ֮ͣ͸¶Ƥ
ӣ޾ͺЦҲˣֱ˵ҴȥߵһС͹ݳԡ

ƶ֪ôҵƫƧطģӹʦļ߹հƣһҴǰֻдĸ֣˼
֪ôܻΪǲ͹أ
ȥҲǱж죬װ޷ǷԱĴ磬Խ˹Ŵһ
֪λϲ辶ǳԷҲһĵط
ǰʹȥüӬݣϸǻ֪ѧУĻʳãÿܻһʱȥԣԻƻʳ
󣬷Աò˵ǵˡ
Ҵ绰ʲôԼ㡣
˵֮뿪ˡ
ƴ򿪲˵һ飬ˣӼѳཷ˿̫˳Բ꣬˷ˡ
޴绰ʲô˵֮üͷһ壬ôȫҰԵģ
ҲЩƸϽ͡
˶û˵ʲô
ҵЧʺܸߣһϲˡ
Ȼͨļҳˣɫȥܺãһ˱ʳ׷ˡ
һٷˡ
Ƶ˵˾䡣
޶һ٣˿鼦Ž׷һڡ
ҹҪȥˡĵ˵
ֻŶһ޶ķӦеÿĶͷ
Ҳ˵Щչ˺ԼĻˡ
㶼ˣЩ˵𣿡
գգۣ
΢΢ͻȻоǰСѾͷˡ
ճĬƬ̣ƺȻ̧ͷ磬鱦ҵˣ
ϻȻûȥĵչ᣿
ҭ£ֳô鱦Ȥҵϴѧѡרҵʱ㻹ܲмһˡ
˵ˣǶǮȤ
ӹס
кβɣü˿ڲ裬Ժˣҹ˾
ðҵһĵ
ˬӦ۾һЦþƵġ
ԭǱøƯˡ
޵ĬĬ롣

극޾ƻؼˣ³ʱͻȻ˵˾䣬磬ͺúøɣԵġ
ô˵ЩЦá
ɵɵ
װͷذ֣ȥɣһҪȥѺȾơ
ôˣȰƲĵüֻ֪ܲܽԼˣҴݰɡ
İɣطĺù񡣡
˵⻰һˡ
ƿҹɫʧĳβоԼܸӡ
ԽǿԽܲסԼġ

һƸ˾յմɸ°ȥһ鱦չ
ÿһλᣬƶϧΪʶԽ࣬ߵҲԽ졣
ȥλ£ƽԿ׼һͼȴһĨӰڵسմİ칫ȥˡ
Ȼϵλʱմӵģ˼
մȽƣ˼
Ƶİ칫մԱߣȫ͸ģڿһĻ֮ȥˡ
˼մİ칫ſڣҪŶ룬һ
ãմҪæʲô¿Ը˵ת档
˼ﻺת´һ΢΢
չֳͼԭǶϳλ
ҵ˽Ķڱ˵һҵĹ˾Աֵúá
˼֪ⶼմųȥϢ˳Цڮר˵ġ
ʲô֣
˼˫ֻأؿơ
Ƶ̬һֱأش𣺡ҽƣմ
УҼסˡ
˼˵ͷתҪš
ƸϽȥס˵մ¶
ʲô
˼ﲻͷ˦֣һŭ˵ҽҪ

5

Ƽ˼̬ôף֪Ǻõʱſˡ
øһﳳ֣С㲻öô
մɨһۣǹһ˿Ц
˼մû˵
ˣʲô¶˵ɡմƵ˸ɫȥ
һ̶Ȼ˿صԼλˡ
Ĺ治õ
˼մİ칫Ҵ˰СʱȻߵƵǰ
̧ͷ
Ŀ˵
ƹûװԼͷʲô¾ֱ˵
ƵǰҲ
ҾȻ̬ȣŲǽܿ㣿
šƵͷ޹һЦǴ߷ô򵥵¶𣿡
㡪
˼û뵽Ȼôݣһʱߣ̧־ͺݺ˹ȥ
⧲صһƣƫͷȥ
֪˼Ըˣƣȴû뵽Ȼ˵־Ͷ֡
ƵӹһĨ⣬̧ͷֱؿ˼ڵͷϷмأղŵΪѾ¼ˣع⵽ϣαװ󻹱ס
вң˼ҧҧ
ֻڳʵ
˼Цŵͷմֵµ˰
˵Ťתһ⣬ơ
ĿţƲûʲôоСִѶˣʲôأ
óӣԼһƬԼָܿӡֻ覸bb˪ͿĨ£ǿ
ͬһԷʱ򣬻˷ˣô¡
ƿ϶˼˵ԼǱ˴ˣֻѳǹ

ϣƸմһȥμ鱦չ
·ϵʱ룬᲻ޣϾҲҪҵˡ
Ƕһ³Ϳźɫװαͦȥأƽ˵ĸоȫͬ
λҵүҴȥһк
մС˵
ƻϳһ˿ҡ
ϣװʶǧ˵簡͵һ㣬úڹ˾ȥء
մƵ
һƳѾͷ
մﱳԼƴʹɫ
Ҳ֪ܲܿݵѶϢ
үãJmsմ
΢΢ףͬ˵á
纣մﶼоԼ¡
ҵλүǵ͵ĸ߸˧һȻ
䣬Ҫǽȥģ
ķʾһۣĿ⻹޵ơ
һ߾رۣװʶ
޲ɾúЦ
˴Ժ󣬷ȥһ͸ĲչȻǸ鱦
ү֮ǰһֱں⣿մһ졣
ţŻع
鱦ҵ
Ȼֵطй𣿡
޵ķʰմҭġ
ͷһμŮһմԱ񣬲ûסЦ
Ǳѣȹȥˡ
˸뿪Ȼǲġ
մ￴ıӰЩϧ̾˿
תƣ˧𣿡
⣬ʵڲ֪ôش𣬱תƻ˵ǿ鱦𣿡
߰ɡ
մｫķ˿һҴǰˡ
ƴ粽ظմܸ鱦ʷɵȣżҲ飬ȺѰ޵Ӱ
»ᱻֻ֣͵͵װĵӡ
ƿߵһźɫȹŮǰĿ˲ͣ͡
ŮųԸģ޹ĺ촽ų˵Ц
ǸŮ˿ӣΪ̸Ȼôá
ʲôأҸղŸ˵ûУ
մﲻõƵĶε˼
ղûմ˵ʲôֻεǸ
ǸҸղŻ񡣡
ҴѧϰģҪ֪ϧᡣ
մѵһ䣬һͺܲˬǸղǶ˶ӵԵʡ
ƵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ȥǱߵļ䣬Լתתɡ
մ˵ˣҲˡ
Լһ˷ڣЩ鱦оǵƵȡ
һʯʱȻһ
ǳˣװİ˵Ϸˡ
дԵɤƻƵļ£ĵػͷԶıӰ
Ⱥô׿ԽҫۣǸ۹壬޷ӵĴڡ

մҪƻؼңô˼أ˵Լ򳵻ȥС
ȻմҲǿˣԼһ˿ˡ
ƴӴȥ󣬾ֱߵ·ȥû⳵һɫγ
һ⡱Ϊޣû뵽ҡ£ȴǡ
ŮȥĶһ̣
ĸͬѧ½ƣѧǻ׷ֵ˾֪ƺܼᶨôûӦ
Ϊ˼ţԼͨ˷ˡ
Ҳʵɺϡ
ˣҴ򳵡
Ƴò΢Цܾ
ͬѧ˻ô
̫鷳ˡ
ûϵؼңҶϱ˳·
½ƳϷʵգգۣ˵ֱͣסƿˡ
򿪺ţһ롱Ķ
ƺͷ۵üҪʲôپܾһͳ
㻹ûᰡ
ϤʶعͷվڽһԶĵط
½ƿޣ˼¡
Զǻһ˵ᲢһĻԶجΡ
ƿ½ͻȻ˺µ飬оĪ
оôèһ
ɻ֪꣬طӦ˵ǻǺ½ʲôڡ
ߵ½ǰֻһۣû˵ʲô½ƾޱԾ˵磬ˣߡ
˵ͻص˳ư˰֣˵ͬѧлټ
Ǻܿϧģղſ·ϵһĨӰƣﲻ֪жྪϲ˻ٺ߽㣬˭֪ĸֳˡ
½һֺǱ̬ˡ
㲻Ǻܷôָϵˣ㡣
üͷơ
ȫһֵΪòĵĸо
˭˵ҵģպ·˺𣿡
ƺίطǲ׾͹ᡣ
Ľͣ޵ɫת˼֡
֮˼£ֲԶͶԶ
ôˣôƺֵ˾䣬׷ʣУ𣿡
š
޴󷽵صͷˡ
ʲô𣿡
ǻ׷дȥѧУ㣬պͱڴţ˵׷֣Ҷ˵һȰ˶٣Ȼ󾯸Զ㣬Ȼʵˡ
û뵽¶ѹ½׷׷𾢣ͻȻͷء
ҿı飬ôϧӣ
У
ô˵ƸϽ
ղҪ֣͸ϳˡ
˭˵ģұʹܾġ
ƻ䣬ǸźɫȹŮ˳ˣһˮζȥ޵Աߡ

6

ޣλ˭Ů˴еĿɨɨƣѯʡ
޻ûشƾסĸ첲Ů˵һ˭ء
ܣŮ˲ɴ㵵صɴ۾
ŮѰɣôû˵
ɹˣŮѵ֣ҲĸԸġ
ƲԷ˵Ļᣬޣװ˵
Ůšüޣʲôͣȴûڵ˼
ҲԼĽ˵ˡת뿪ˡ
ƿԶȥıӰ̲סЦ
̧ͷޣüҰ׷ߴˣлҰɣ
ô֪Ҷ˼Ҿû˼һƻҵĺأ
Ҿ㲻ϲ͵ġ
Ƶƶ޲ɾúЦ
Ϊʲô
ΪЩ꣬ĶŮˣȤĻˡ
ţҡҡͷ
㻹档
Ƶһ£û⻰ʲô˼
ɻ޽˾䣬ҲܵԼõ棬̫á
⻰оԼһ˲׹Ԩ
ǿЦЦ˵һˣ氡Ҵɩӻؼ£
綼㻹ң
ļ򣬡ȥ
ˣԼ򳵰ɡʶܾ
˵ַϻ

Եܲһҭ
ϳԺû뵽Ȼһ䣬ôˣ
ΪԼεúܺˣȴǱˣƲ޵ϸġ
ôɵԸȴϸ
Ҳ֪ǻױƷɡ
ƼװԼֳһãȻӡ
ˡ

ĺܲóѡ
ô˵ԽԽ顣
ô£ѵȰˣ
ޣƵıôԥ˳
ƾˣҲ̫ˣһӿˡ
˭ģ
ֱӱʡ
ĶǴİǷᣬ˭ˣ
һ²һ£ôϡ
ӲޱЦˡ
УôŪԼҲˡ
˵ͷ棬ǰ۶ȥ
˵ǻͦܵģҲû취ܸܲ˵ʵȥɣ
ްѳסСſھͣס˳
³ˡ
˵һûŪͦεģֻý˵㿪ȥʱ·Сĵ㡣
Ͳˡ
˵˶ĺӡ
գգۣ˵ʲôȴֱ졣
Ǳˡ
ݰݣ硣
˵꣬Ʊƿȥ
վȽŸѾһŰѳˡ
ǸǰһС۰

صԺƳ˸ˣڴϺܳʱ䶼û˯⡣
̾˿ӳóԼռǱͱʣ׼¼½յ顣
ǰдǸǶʱ䣬Ϊʱܳޣദʱб¼塣
д˺ܳһΣ׼΢źȻϢ
üûˣҪҪԼٷ
ϢĺùЦġ
Ҳȷ᲻Ӱడ
ǵʱϵɣ㲻ӰĻǰһ
á
ƴӦŽռǱջص˳

磬ۿžҪ°ҲûյӰ֪ͨǸЦϢԼԷ
ȥϰɣЦظúܿ졣
á
ˬشӦ
Ϲſ棬ЦȥƵĸ첲еߡ
ͣһҪʲôſǡ
ôѲвƱˣƹŲ
Цһ´ŬסЦݣʵæ
ӣƺܺʲô¶
棬£Цȵ㡣
ƹ⿪ЦⲻǺɣ
Ȼˡ
ЦװüôĽ飬㻹Ų𣿡
ΪôˣͱȦˣֱ˵¡
ǺáЦЦݣֱ˵ؿڵ׷硣
Ƶࡰ⡱һ£һ˲䣬Ժиֳ޵
ĸ磿
磬
꣬ʱ˿ĸо
ֻһ룬ʶһ⡣
ʮһ갡㲻ǿЦɣ
ȻǡЦҡҡͷҾϲˡ
ЦǼҲسĸ̣ļǺҺܺʣҪ˫ҳӦҲּɡ
ƲȷܱܲܽԼСôŮӡ
Ҷûʲôӽֻܰæǣһˡ
ôͻȻ뵽Ҫ׷ˣǰôû˵
ǰЩһƻͻȻget
ðɡ
ƴӦЦǣߣܲܳɹͲұ֤ˡ

ڶ쵽˾մһŲıúóһƷȥ
һȵ鱦ƴڸ鱦˾ԱμӣõǰáʦĳƺţҵҲС
ǰЩ˵ˣҲûܺԼϹϵΪÿҹ˾ֻû뵽ԼȻĻᡣ
˽ﻭͼõһݽȥϣͨ
մ￴˿Ʒصͷ
츳ģúŬ˷ԼĲܡζؿƣ
֣صصͷʾԼ֪ˡ

Ʋϰ࣬ԼӦЦ¶˸绰
磬𣿡
ôˣ
ҽ첻ϰ㻹жһԸ
ֻһ˳ԷԵ̫⣬ԴҪȻ޴
ҳԷæҲóʱ䰡
ᣬ˵ưѵַȥ
ƺԼߵ㣬صһֺŵĻꡣ
˵绰̸ЦϢһԼϰ糹׾ޡ
ţָȻ绰ȴ֪ȥسˣû취ֻٸ޴
ҪԷʮ⣬ƺ̫Ӧǿ˵˾䣬ûµĻҾȥ
ô˵òûɣ
ⶼȥüˣôôأ
ʮƺЦһȥǼһꡣ
Цǰ绰Ԥ˰ᣬҲѰŷޡ
ŮŽȥᣬû뵽ȻѾˡ
ͷһ˿ȥ¶üĿĺɫڣ˵ʡ
磬ô簡
ƻִкȻޱȵؿڽԱλҵĺѣЦ

ףЦһֻ֣ã
ʿȣЦжðǡ
ǴֵҲСŮĽߡ

7

˵һûޣƱֻ˵Ҹ绰ɣ֪
˵ͰѺ벦˳ȥһſˣްֻ˽
ʶվ硣
޵ͷĿЦӹѯ˭
æͣλҵĺѣӦʶġ
ϸеʱȥԷЦΪõѣҲմι⣬һȥԡ
ڵı飬ˡ
Уɡ
ϵװһѣҵ˽¼ϡ
ʱЦòس΢Цһ£Цݣüͷ΢¡
֪ΪʲôŮľͺ׷Уѵв
ţɤͻȻһܣ޵ͷȭ
ȿȡ
ԵƵ۵˵ġ
أ㲻Ǹð˰ɣ
ˡ
һΪӡ
˽ĸԣǷշصĵزǲȥҽġ
ֹؿۣʲôû˵Ϊ֪˵ˣҲ
Եþһգϯ䣬һֱһ죬ôЦܶ˽˴һЩ
ʼ˵ģ޲ûв룬ͷֻ̻ԡ
ֻǱųԷĿġ
Աߣʱʱ͵һۣԵôרעĪúЦ
һ̧ͷעӵĿ⣬ʶü
ܵԣ
˭ˡæزһ䣬ǿԵô㣬ûԷ𣿡
˵˵ȥǿˡ
˵䣬ֿʼԡ
ղҲ˺üȷһǸðˡ
ϵؽȥҽѵǰдûʱƣϳ˷𣿡

ޱ򣬳Ĭؿ
գգۣҲ˵ʲôˣԼŰɡ
̶ȥѯϵ¶
ⳡֵĿûܹܲų԰ɡ
磬ǲǸŮ˰üˣҲûʲô
ţƼװؿ⡣
֪һŮرమ˻ǷˣӴ޽
ôε¼磬ûʵİ
˭˵ģŮԼҰɡ
Ƶ仰˼è塣
۵ӹһĨ⣬ؿڵҾѾͲ
⧲һ仰ƺЦסˣ֪ôȥӡ
һۣҿʲôЦ
ǡæ˵˼ŮӶ಻˼
޹𴽽ǣЦζ
Ц͵͵һۣЩ顣

Ůȥ
֮ǰĵƣЦоΣæܾˡ
磬ҪЦЦؼңĳߡ
ԣһ䣬˵Ҫ𣿡
ǵȻĿ˲𣿡
ƳƤգգۣŪ֪˵ʲôá
߰ɡ
Цһۣ˵
Цƻ˻֣ȳȥˡ
ƿ뿪³һ
ȷûпٷĿģˣҲûϵЦû˼Ļֱ˵ظҲʱ䡣
磬Ժ˵ܲܲҪôֱӣ˺εġ
ޣСؿڡ
ô˵ֵ̫ˣ
һ˵һߴףؿ˼
𣿡
ƺɵüһȷ̫ļˡ
ߣæȥ˵ȥҽԺɡ
á޻Ǻܾ
ֹ̾˾䣬ϻ˭ܹܵ㣿
õľܡ
ţ޽һʹɫȥ
Ȼÿؼңֵò鲻Ըģջ˰
ӻȥƿһҩ꣬æһ䡰һ¡žͷɱҪܹȥˡ
Ȼᴩ·ʱ򣬸첲һץס漴˶һһ
Ƶı޼Ӳţü
һ룬Ĵǿհ׵ģżˬıϢȻʼˡ
˲䣬ư糺һƬ֪޿϶ʲôС
ɿƣ˺һȻͷ
ﰡȥҩġ
㲻֪··ô೵۾ģ
ͻȻˣŵһ
ʱżûôࡣ
޿µӣǼΡ
ˡ
̾Ƴβƺ˳硣
´λעġ
ƴСѧһϴ̬ȡ
޶˼˵ˡ

ҩ꣬ҽ޿һЩֹȵҩһԱȥˮھͰҩˡ
ΪؼԺˡ
֪ڹȻ᲻ͷģӹӣͷҩˡ
Է˰ɣ
Ƶ˵ͷеĵؽ㻹òҪȥҽԺˡ
ұ󣬲Сˡ
Ƶתתӣ˵ˡ

صҺƸЦϢദΡ
ЦܿظûôģҸоûϷˡ
ŸտʼҪ١ưο
Цʶ꣬˽ƷԲŲôôõŮ
ҸȤĻ϶ҪϵʽûС
Ҵ˾ӣʶҪϵʽǲŲء
ƸոЦظ䣬ͽӵĵ绰
ι硣
Ƴˣʼˣ
һôᣬЩЦ⡣
ȴúܲ˼ָͷһʱ֪˵ʲôá
磬ҡ
Ҵ绰ģҿɲ˵䣬ֵ㣬һûǸŮ֮ǰʱ뿼Ǹ⣬Ƕ˼Ҳ𡣡
һĪжޡ
ŵǸŮǶôҸ˰
ѹЦῴ磬۹̫ˡ
磬ԺһΪ׼
ư뿪Цض˵
ЦЦʵûôãҲ뿪ˣ㲻Ϊ׼ȥҡ
硱֣Ȼһ
ʮֲ⣬ްƢʱر䲻ˣѵĻҲĶˣ
磬Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊܼᶨһ϶ⱲӶˡ
һʱЩ㱣Ҳû飬Ժⷬ塣
һ˺ܾãĵɳ϶Ҫ˯ˡ
ȵյϣԼȻɳϡ
˵绰֮ʵ̫ˣֱ˯ˣ˭֪һ
ֻƿ˿ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ϴּ䣬ȥ˸裬ȳˡ
ƶ޵ĿԻǷĲ£Ϊ˾ͻᷢչɷףСйֲʷǾ绰


8

Ƹ޴ȥ绰˺һŽӣصĿ
ôһҹˣԵҩû𣿡Ƶĵѯʣﶼš
Ǳ䵽ˡͷ˵
룬㻹ȥҽԺ𣿡
ڻûֻ˯˵⻰޾Ҫҵ绰ˣ˵ˣҺ
ƻ˵ʲôȴһæ
˵Ҿ͹ˡ
üͷƲ²ӦǷˣԽԽģȥһˡ
޴18Ͱסˣ׸ʽԢ
ǰȥöΣȻ֪ס
մ˸٣ƾɱ޵ļˡ
ſڣ룬û뵽һӾͿˡ
ΪͰء
ѾһûˣּϤİĸо
н񱣬ļǸɾһȾȥ͸
磿
̽ԵغһҲûӦ
ңû뵽ûйأһ۾ͿŵǸֻƽǿ
ȡ治ǹ뿴ġ
Щ߱𿪣̧Ű塣
޵ͷ˯Ժŵܲͷü
Ϊ˭ڼõģһ̧ͷվſڵơ
ûԼϾʹƽǿ㣬æӸǺá
ôģɤɳƣ
߹밡𣿡
ƽ꣬û¼ơ
ҲǲˣԼȥҡ
ҵģһʲô˽ԵĶҡ
ȸ˸ѡ
ʵ⻰˼ܵȴˡ
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9

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10

īԼƳԷûɹ˵ʧǼٵġ
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11

֪ǿջЦоۣȴֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôοĻ
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12


ţ˴˶ЩΡ
Ϊһˣī϶Ҫģһ졣
ôææ
ãҾ쵼´ӣææҲ
빫˾ʵϰ϶Ҫ۵ġ
š
Ƶͷְ߬
ĥҪôڶī˵û¶Ͼ˼ҲԼȴ˿ڣЦһ
һţŶˡ
Աڴ򿪸ǰīһ䣬Сĵ㣬̵
û¡
Цҡͷϸġ
ڲӴˣͶ̫ЦҰ
𵶲棬ī뿪Цض˵
ʵҲٳ͵ġ
㲻ϲԻǡ
鷳ڨȻһЦ
īЩûڵü֪ĻҾʹвˡ
ΪǵһƳԷҸõĵطû뵽ϲ
ûϵ
æ֪ΪʲôദܾñŤ
˵ͻȻȻֹڵͷĬĬţš
һǽţ֪ҪʲôһΣĥôڸ˵
ȿʱīͻȻƣ㲻ϰɣ
š
ûеĻҴȥɢɢİɣڰ칫ţҲͦѹֵġ
ⷬ˵ĸо
СһȱĻɳ׶Ա˵ĹĲж
ȷѹܴī˵ߵĳ嶯
գʲôû˵ΪôϰԼһ˿š
ĬκƿھܾĩļƻѾźˡ
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ƿǹ˵ǸҲ֪ǲǶ˼˵ĿǰûĴ㣬ǲҪˡ
һ˵ڣҪܴ
īϵЦ̼佩ס۵һĨް
ʵ˵ҲܿǾòʣ׷ԼԺڡ
ѹҵѶԴͺã˭˵ദһҪнģ
īһƲ֪˵ʲôˡ

극īȥԹĺɢɢǱƾܾˡ
ûܵ˾Ͳȥ˷ѶԷʱ䡣
īȻʧ䣬ȴҲ
Ұͻؼ˰ɣ
ԥ룬˵鷳ˡҲһֱ˼Ӱɡ
ī͵СſڣҪƿ³ʱͻȻһ⣺
ƣϲ𣿡
⣬ƵԺ˲両ֳһܴŻЦ
ĸż¶£ҲȾ糺졣
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ƻشúԥΪûʱǶôСı뵽µĻܵůķΧӺڰ˹֮С
ī΢£Ǹ˭תһ룬ʲôأֲʶ
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Ƴ΢Цƿȥˡ
ߺһӣī͵طӦղӦȻϲΪβһġ
⣬ҲĵʹԼΡ
ȻôϲޣΪβһأ
Ϊļ
ȻЩƶںʵû
ûȥ׷ûȥףû׵ۣԼһʧܾҲܺദ
Ϊܸо޾ǵÿһԡ
ϴڴϣȥ˺ܾҲ˯š
֮ǰûʶԼжôСֱīǵʼԼϲ޵ǿġ
ͱһ𣬶ﲢ
ȻܣΪβȥһأ
ĵһɳ嶯ֻ㿪˺޵Ի
ԥŴһ֣
磬ʱ𣿡
ſ˺þãƲһҧ˷͡
Ϣ꣬Ƶࡰ顱Ҫؿ
ص㿪棬һֺܾ˻ȥأȴֺأìܵ尾ˡ
˺þöûĻظƱ˵ذֻѹͷ棬ǿԼ۾˯
Ҳ֪˶ãԺҪ˯ŵʱ򣬺Ȼֻһ
ƼԵֻȴʧط֣޸ϢĳںϢ
˯ɡ
ֹһֱӽֻػ
һҹ˯ṳ́ܲʵΰ֮仹ûлϢ
ȵڶԿհ룬£ָϽֻˡ
賿صϢ̶֡ʲô¡ȥܲͷӡ
ƻԥ룬ظ֡û¡
ò׻ڹһҹʧˡ
𴲺ȥϴȻ˷͡
ԭʹȥɽģԼһ𣬵ڡԼһȥɡ
ͣʱŵ㣬ƻһ˶ҪţֻȻˡ
óһ޴ģСȻͼˡ
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ƼװȻسʵϽŵòˡ
ʲô£
ҲûʲôҪ¶תת飬װôôŻҰ
Ӧꡣ
赭дػشִ꣬ߴ¾˵
ҽȥɽģûµĻҪҪһȥ
ɽ
޺⣬Ѫ
ܾ̬ǰæ˵㲻ԸˣԼȥҲԡ
ҼҵСô˵ˣҸҲԸ𣿡
޵һЦŵ٩ﻹһ˿˿硣
ԼȻڷ̡
ҲǱõòĶ

һСʱסСſڣҪ绰û뵽Ѿˡ
СѾͷһɫ˶£ȥഺͷԱһԼɫԵһãʹˡ
ƿĳæ߹ȥʻĳ˽ȥ
ҸղȥЩԵĻпȪˮͦ찡
ظ죬óһΣ֪϶û緹
˽ҵġ
һЦӹˡ
ɨƣ̲סʮ߰Сһװ۰
ҡ
ʮ÷УҽŶʮҲõװ𣿡
ʱͦһȴֻᱻð
ʲôʱܴһĿ佱ĺûһ̫߳ˡ
޿;ܺá
ʶ̧ͷЦ˵ûʸЦ㣬ΪԶϡ
һ֪ͺãˡ
һ䣬Сֹ˵ġ
û壬ɵ˵ʲôڨȻһЦʲôû
ԽԽǷʰˡ

13

سİɽͣóԺڳϵţȥƱ
æ˵ȥȥ򡣡
˵ɿ˳ӦضûС
ƳžƱ֮⣬ɽ³Ʊ
ɽʱɽ϶۵Ъˡ
ƱС۰վڳԵһˬӡ
ôˣܲʡ
ü²۵˭ôණģɽûĻҪԼ
ҸҪԼ޹գգֲۣұҲ㣬ȻΪΪʲôһȥɽ
һ޸оһѪؿڡ
ҲãҪǸܵܣ̲סһˡ
ԱڷһΣ޷ŭְԹ飬̲ס͵Ц
δһֱǰߣƸȥⴵƵĶ˵磬콡ôã˵϶ɡ
ţ޶ͷϵ¡
ʳҲˣΪʲôƿȪˮ滳

ɽĺβ̫ߣٶȿĻðʱȥ
ɽ£׼ʱһǣִԱ߹ȥˡ
ǸŮѣһһûȥˣ㱳Һòѽ
ԸĻڱҲԡ
۰
ɵѾͷôᣬôأ

˵ĶԻԽԽԶˡ
̲סĽطпǸŮѰ
˵Ϲеʲôáһм
ʲô˼
Ůֵøèһˣ
⻰ֺֿЦ
ȻֱеĴ򿪷ʽͱ˲ͬ
磬˵СĽŮѡòؾ뿴ô˵
޹һЦνҲϲŮġ
Ƶࡰ⡱һ£Լһǳֻˡ
㡭ϲŮģСȷϡ
ްһۣʲôأҲϲеġ
һһΪͬء
Σʲôϵ
˲ˡ
컹µģ˵ˣĬĬɽ
޵ٶȱ˺ܶ࣬ûһͰˣԽԽԶ
ƿıӰס˴
Ȼֻһ㿴֪ȵ
ĳ˲䣬ͻȻᣬǻ˼飬׾ˡ
ûһĹƾͿˣоί·ߵĳţ뿴᲻
Ƶ˰죬ſ
ߵǰһʣŤˣ
ûС
֮һ۵߲ˣ
ףҲɭֲ
ؿʹرĳһ䣬Ͳܶ𣿡
⻰Ŀ˲ͣˡ
ᡭ
ƺ̫մߡ
ǿôؿߣ̲סʡԼ
˵ȷ̫ˣûûصġ
˾ЪɣҲǲ㡣
޿ŵ˷ֱ
Ťͷһۣʣ磬ûˣᱳ𣿡
ûʲôɽʶ˾䡣
س˳ǣͲʵġ

һʱ䣬ɽ˶ȷɣƿɽµľɫоޱȵó졣
ȴԶԶվһԣҸɽס
ɽⱲӶս˶ġ
ƵĵӺַܴϣ¿޶ľս
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վǶֻ͹
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¿ŵһ̣ͷкܸӵĸоӿ
գɽӵһͨ绰ߵһԽӵ绰ȥˡ
绰ǹ˾ģ˵мȥ޿һƣСѾͷϹ˲õЦݣƺܾöûôЦˡ
˵ɽȥ϶ʧɣ
ǣûԥֱӶ˵ټ飬ϽҪԼ취
˵ֱӹ˵绰һͷȦ
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Ӷ𣿡
ߵƵ
һ㡣
Ƶͷ˵ҴţʲôģҸط³԰ɡ
ȻôͣɽҲȷʵûʲôԵġ
һľĵطʯǰʯϡ
ҳݸޣûʲôθڣڰ˵Լ԰ɡ
͸ı飬Ʊ㿴ǲûθڣ̲סڵ磬ôʳûȫζɣ
üͷ£ĬؿƣԺͻȻ뵽һʱӡ
ʱֻʮ꣬β裬ϴһɫ޲ȹӣ˶ݰͰ͵ģӪ
˽֪СûϽĵĸĸƾɵĳһֱżӵӣʮһ꣬ĸ˫˫ûȥͱͽ˸Ժ
ɺϵǣһպһŮǼҸԺһ۾Ϳ
ô˵˵û˭ô峺ţŮĵһǳҪؼңú
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뵽޵ٸнƣ顣
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Ҳ֪뵽ʲôôأ
һ
Ҫ
ƸоĪոջ˵ԼԵġ
˷ֱɽϹ
ɽ֮һţҡҡλεģļĺǧס
ƿ󣬾ֱ˹ȥȴʣ㲻𣿡
ֲָߣʲôµģ
ƲΪ˵ȴüӡ
磬㺦°
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ţǰʮԶתͷȥޣû𲽡
˲Цȷǲҡ
ʶôָ֪꣬ߣѹס¥㶼ôء
磬ҪµĻҹȥǣ㰡
졣
޵һۡ
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һֱôǿ벻һ档
԰
˵ָߵĻôӦɽأ³ȥʱǲҪһֱ۾
ƺȻʶһ㣬ĵӿ˸жԥ룬ߵǰȥס
£ڡ

ô÷籾ļӸУ

14

ߵϣƺչСġ
Լ첲ֻ𪽿۵֣Цˡ
û뵽Ůӱĸо
ûа
˭֪ߵм䣬ͻȻɿ֣Ե
ŶҡŵȻһ
šüһؿơ
СѾͷƤسͷʣµ·Լߡ
üһߵһˣ
ûаۣҪջظոյĻ
Ʊ۸Щ꣬ڡˡ
ѹִ˲ƣҲᵽ۸˵Ŀˡ
һڵСǷϡ
޼С飬Цһǰߡ
ƴŲسⲻͦôûо㺦°
ⶼǱƳġ
Ŵ˵ƻΪˣæȥߣʣҵЦǲǿ̫ˣ
ؿһۣҡͷ
󻺻ڵҼǵһ죬֪㺦³ӣһֻ֪˷Ž㲱ҵЦǸ֣
˵¶ˡ
۸Ĵ̫ˣǲˡ
ǰδʡԼΪܾöͦ˼ȴδǹĸܡ
Բߴתջû˵ڡ
˴ͻȻ˳Ĭ˴֮䶼һЩΡ
ƵЩڣǰ޵ǰһֱСģΪ˹׷תԼദʽ÷
ֻôͻȻת䣬ǲǲ̫ʺأ
³ȥ
޵ȻУƵ˼
תͷޣ㲻ǿָ𣿡
ոձκˣͻȻҲû຦¡

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޸оԼΪԵܵ˺ΣĿǰ³֣ء
תת飬Ȼ뵽֮ǰҳ﷢˰ҩ¶֮ǰһֱûҵʵĻᡣ
磬ƽ˯ߺ𣿡
ôͻȻ޲ü
ǴҲ¼ôȻ㴲ߵĳ﷢˰ҩ
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ҿкüƿӣ˵Ѿ˲٣Ͳ²𣿡
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ĵĿǣ΢΢üֻ˸⣬Ϊʲôʧߵģѹ𣿡
ⷽԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡
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ûʲôԭ򣿡
ʡ
Ƶ˲©һģ֮ǺԤ׵ؼ١
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˵ȴü
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ֻһ֣ͷС¹ײˡ

Ƶļûʲôˣڻȥǰȥ˳С
޸ƹﳵѡ߲ˡ
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һôУҲⰡ
˵ţһŴӽ˹ﳵ
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алܳˣͲʲôҪá

֪ԭﱻ
˻ȥƽ˳ڿӡ
ͻȻֻˣһġ
Ҳ˵û²ҪҴ绰𣿡ʡ
ͷ߶µ˵ϴϽɣǱߵ̫ˣָҪ㣬Ӧ
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ҪһСʱأ㵽ʲôش°
á
֣޾͹˵绰
ش𣬷Ի
үѵǸÿֲŮѣôҪ
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乫Ԣֻʮ࣬Ҳûõط䣬Ƶҿ˿
СѾͷͦɾģɨһȾ
ߵǰϱ߷һıʼǱһ֧ʡ
ǻͼ
ɻüһҳֻдһ֣СŮħ硣

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һڷŵϣȻк޹
Ȼ߽ȴûɳϡ
֣ȥĶˣ
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ҵ˽һʲôɸ˵أ
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ǣ
ʶ
˵ռǣʵ޵һǣ޵룬ҪĲҪˡ
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ĵһֲ²ӿߵһйأôô±أ
Ѳռˣ
޺Ҳ룬ȥϴǰ¡
û뵽̶ʱڣͳĸˡ
Сĸķ緶
ԺͻȻֳݣһ
ԭڲ֪УѾСÿ˰
㳢ζ𣿡Թ¡
޳˿ǵǴ״Ƥ͵صͷȥɫζҲ̵Уζɿڡ
һ޿ƻ¡
㻹ɣôңԼҪùԤС
ޣ


15

ɽĺ֢ǺܲʹģƵڶ𴲺͸оԼǣʮܡ
䵱ڴ˴죬緹ûԣȵ磬ʵڶܲˣ׼ԶյЦ΢š
ͻȻеĸУߣҪҪȥԣ
Ʊ;öһᵽǼߣӶʼˡ
ϻھͳ
̸Ϣſʼ𴲻·Ҳоˡ
Լسһеſڼ棬ʱ䣬ѧǶϢˣУ԰ⰲ
ǼҵһԱߵСԽ治ҲʮƽȥҲ͹ӡ
ÿĹ˿ͻﲻһеѧ
ƺЦҪһߣЦҪԵʱ򣬺ȻЩ˸Уͷ̾˾䣬ûǸʱ򰡣ûûΣǶá
ϧҲزȥˡ
εʼ磬Ҳһ˿į
ŮӶԼഺǷϧģȥǸͣͿʼܡ
ûڸ̸𣿡ЦȻ
Ҳûҡͷڡ
ΪʲôôĲģ㴫ң
ЦЦʶѿڶ˭˵ҷĲ
Ц䣬𾪵صɴ۾
ԭϲ˰ʲôʱ¶Ϊʲôûи˵

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Ҳ֪ôով˵˳ĵ׶ܡ
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ҡ
ƴԥ˺þòſ˵һϲˡ
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š
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ӦžͰѵ绰ˡ
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ƺЦ˱𣬽ȥһҴ˹ݣء
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ûϵġ
䣬ʶ
ġ
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޵İ칫ƾһ汦ƵĲͣܡ
칫ҵװ޷ȫһ£ȫɫΪֱŷĸо
ߵɳǰ£мɳϣŴ˲ͺУһزˣ˰׷ȫԵġ
͹ø˫ӣްһ˫ݸơ
ҹб߳Ա߹䣬ʲôԣѾñģʵڳԲˡ
磬Լ԰ɡ
޼ƺܼ֣Ҳǿˡ
ͷĬĬԷƿȻЦ˵Ķʮ¶
ҵˮȥ
Ƶ˼
Ȼһ
ȥ˱ˮŵֱߡ
̧ɨһۣ˵ûа㡣
ڨڨȻһЦصɳϡ
Լ̽ˣǺȻ顣
һµĻܾġ
޳극ڹ̽һ¡
硣
ţ̧ͷ
ʲôû˵˫ֱ
΢΢üֱ۾˾䣬ûëɣ
һֱĬţʮ붼Ѿȥˣû㣬ûв
Ȼ֪ûʲô뷨
ĵףӿʧ䣬ƴԼż⣬ͻȻоã
ҪϲҲûн
ȥɡ
޺Ȼ
ʶ̧ͷھܾˣˣ㲻ҪæԼ򳵻ȥͿˡ
û£Ѿæˡ
ͬͷ
߰ɡ޾ֱ뿪ɳ
Ƹȥʱ˵飬ھɥˡ


16

ǰŸյңЦžͷϢ֪ȥͷˣûʵǸʮ뷨
һƵơ
ֱңǲë
ƸЦ
ЦŸع
ɥ˵ֱУû˼
û⣬Ǳˡ
òײŻȫʧӰˡ

һ˾ֱӱ²н˰칫
ڽȥǰƵвԤУȻ˵Ļ˶׹䵽˹ȵס
ƣϴεĳϮ粨˾˲Ӱ죬ù˾Ա۷׷ףǾпϣܽİš
һзӦԼûϮǶѾ𣿡
ûԹ˾ĲӰѾˣܶԱ˵÷ְֶģȶ˾ڲŽʮֲǲķչȥ
ǡ
̲סһЦ
õķӦڮٱôֵͷˣ
߬ȭͷʮֲز
ƺѻش̧ƺڿ۾˵ôŵģҲ¡
˭𣿡
һӾͲµˡ
Ϊ˼ǽһֱŷŮϵʱͶ˺ݻ˵ԲŹ
ⱣֳĬ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ת˳ȥֱӻذ칫մ
뿴մô˵
û뵽մﻹ֪Ҫ飬˵˺쳣𾪡
ҵˣûҵ˭ҿ㣿
մһȨܵƵӣ˵վҪ²úһ¡
ס˵ҾÿǽģȥҲûá
ܣ
մӹһĨ죬ΪʲôܿԼʶˣ˲Ȼ
Ϊ˼
ţҵ
ҲΪңƾʲôҪǣմдŭҪΪָ˵
ֱӳ嵽˽ܵİ칫ң
ǲľ
ǡ
ܿϣ˵С
ҵ£㿪ǲǸ֪ͨһ
ǡЦһ˵δԼ̫ˡ
մǸĸˣ仰Ժֱһ䡰ǺãҸһߡ
˵Ҫת뿪ȴæס
Ҹ㿪Цô˵ͷ
Цմﳶ˳˵ҽûµʱȥ߸Ȿ飬ڵ˾öġ
㡪
ֱܱ˵ϻ

մһȥƾ̸ȥʣû°ɣ
ûմôͺˡ
ҵˮմ
Ƹ˱ˮڵҸǸս˵ˣֻҪҿ㣬Ҿ͸һߡ
⻰ľˡ
һֱմǵ¼ϵôҲ벻Ϊϡ
մ㣬ҡ
ʲô˵ˣȥɣôŵġ
մŻеģǶ³ˣսϼ
ֹ죬Ҳû˼˵̫Ļֻһ䣬лл㣬մ㡣
תصԼλϣûãͬת棬ȥһİ칫ҡ
ֲԤУԼһûʲô£ֲòȥ
ԥȥܵİ칫ңһϾͻȻЦݡ
ֻЦƾëȻ
ܣ£

³һ֣ĿϴƾúӦ
ƸϽ£Ŀϣһ߿һָԼ°͡
ǸڿһƵģΣƻڡ
ܣ㵽ʲô£
̲סߴˣϵֽŵ߬סȹǡ
£ҲῪˡ
Ц˵꣬˾ʱ䲻ö԰ɣѧձҵ𣿡
ƲĿʲô϶û¡
ǣҴѧձҵ˾ˡ
СػشĿ뿴϶ĵ顣
оԼȥ̲סһ鳡
ڵСƴܲ׵ģûɽɲУ˵ǲǣ
վ֮ȻߵԱߡ
Ҫ˵ȴоִļϣ˲˼£æԱһ㡣
ܣһ㡣
ǣأ
ҡҡͷŶ˵㻹̫ˣϣֵǮˣ˲㣬ܻö
˵ġءԱζǱΪǱˡ
ôôĵأѹֹ˾Աڰ˵ǡå
ˣҲ㶵Ȧˡ
ܻصλ£ƻЦ˵ֻҪңҲܱ֤ڹ˾˳˳ˮһ·һ׷ӣֱдġ
û뵽ô̹Ȼر¶ԼĿģɰĻˡ
Ҫҹ˾ܲףһ䡰ﲻˡ
ǿԼ侲ƿڶ˵ҶԼڵְλͦģҲзסûʲôҾȻȥˡ
˵գߣȴȻӺһץס֡
Ʒ˦ȴ߬Ųɿ
ܣҾͽˡ
аһеʲôöģ
νʼ޳ܵЦݡ
λΪŮ㣬Ÿ˷
֪ܵĻһơ
ͼԼ֣ȴôϷſһҪĻ
ô˵ҲǸŮ϶Żˡ
״˿̵״Լ̫ٲҪռˣǰٰ֮£Լϥǣ֮߹ȥ
ȴϵһУȻʮض˹ȥ
ôĶȷһŮ
ˣһСܶԿ𣿻ԹҵĻұ֤Ժĺġ

Ƴ׸˺
ؼһ̣칫ҵͻȻˣ漴߽ˣ𾪵ͬʱĵϣĻ硣
ôҲ벻ῴһĻ˴ԵķӦһܣ̧Ⱦͳݺݵ˹ȥ˵ʱϥǣɲ˹ȥ

һҵļ˺ѷεĳ̶ȶ̴ܴ˵ĶĤ
Լɲ۵öͷֱð亹
쳣Ȧģ֪ôͻȻһ١
ɴ۾ޣҧһһּѳ㡭Ϊʲôң
ҲŪõġ
޲ϣг˺⡣
ܰһ˹ȥ
վſڵŻˣ˺ð죬ֱܻԣæ˽
ϳȥ
һɨǸ顣
ŵû£뽪ܲᱻ˰ɣ
Ͼ˼ǻתƣӰ칫ҳˡ


17

Ƶͷ, ֻǽڷ֣һ˲о̤ʵࡣ
޲죬һֱǰ, һ˵Ľ, ¿˿, ŵѯ, ûôɣ
ؿ, Ŀ͡
һͻȻ, , һ̵УɢŽɫâġ
޼ɵɵؿ, ΪŻˣϽ£ڣû˸۸㡣
⻰һӺۿ, ĵͻȻӿһɳ嶯, ſ첲ס
޺һ, סǸ˲, ĵйɺĸо
ǽţЩ޴룬ֶо޴š
޵ԥ̧ĺ󱳣¾Ϳ޳Ҫš
ҡҡͷţϵϢ, о̤ʵһЩ
ദô꣬һοôܹ
ԭȫоһָоڣʲôˡ
޵Ĵĺ󱳣ںһСƵġ
֪ΪΣоԼøÿ죬ƺܽš
Ҳ֪ûиоò
ͻȻ޸оԼǰʪˣһܿʶˡ
һ˲䣬ַŭоǻһӿ
뵽ǰ۸޾ɱ˵ĳ嶯
ֽ߬ȭֻԼ侲
ţֻʶס½ǣĶȫǳڱܣԼδ
ֻ޵ǰƲŸɵңģȴƲס
ƽƬ̣ƲŻ̧ͷ
ۿøƵģ˸⣬޸оԼˣĳʹС
ָ̧֣ذĨȥᣬۡ
ܵĶƾԼǻһ̲ˮ
ˣˡ
ͷذο
ƺһô
ҺǸԭԼ˼ģҪ̸һЩϵ飬ңæԵƬ̣ôܵȣֱӾͳ칫ˣ˭֪Ȼ
޻뵽һĻ˵ȥˣһżǸӣҲŹġ
ˡ
Щµ˵֪Ҫռٱˡ
аģһҪ뾡취ӳԼη
Ʊһ˲оŭֱţûס
ƹ˾Ҫټȥˡ
ҡüͷ˵ұҪġ
һ޸ˡ
ǲÿвˣ
ɡ
Щ̫ˣƲ˵һ

޵סƵļ򣬿۾һһ˵Ժ磬һκί
صͷ棬ͷһ
ĳŵֻǵΪãȴһ
Ҵȥ
˵ס뿪
Ƶͷǽڷ֣ͷһֳ嶯
ԻûӦѾ硭
ţ
޽Ųһ٣ͷ
ƸҪ˵ǰùһλͬ£˲ѻ˻ȥ
λͬ߹ȥС˵磬ȷſҰɡ
ʵ̫˧Ÿע⡣
һҲʶԼľٶ̫׵Եطſ
ղźҪ˵ʲô
ѯһ
ƵⲻȻ˸£뵽ԼողѿڶĻ
һǰһ뿪˹˾ͻȻԼû٣óֻմ绰
ʱûȥݹ֮ףΪ嶯ʹְ˰ɡ
ƴ绰٣ҵ绰ʣ㻹ȥ
մҺܺãҲ롭
ƵĻû˵꣬ͱϣҸɲУ
ҡ
Ʋ֪ô˵;øû취֤Լʵ
ȱ˵ôˣؼҺúϢһ顣
޼ôΪѣҲǿˡ

Ƹϳ磬Ҫȥ
ޱҪǸ̸ģû뵽¶ֻһг̣Ҳûʲô¶ˡ
ȥĶ棿Ҵȥ
ʵԼʲô
ĬһûʲôȥĵطڼҴҲͦõġ
ҴȥҼңҸһϷװ
ҲϷ
һֱǺѧûʲôϷ
ҽ㡣
һţҵķȥˡ

޵ļȥɳǶţȻȥǰóһƿţ̣ӳóʳ
ƺܾȵôôóԵģ㲻ǲʳ𣿡
ľˡ
ûͣʵǰԤŵġ
ƿţ̣ܺ
Ϸװڵǰ˵̺˿档
ҴòɱЦҡ
ᡣ
޵˵ţȴ룬һҪ¶ۼطˮܴ
㿴ĸϷ
ѯƣӻĻĿϰϷ˾ۻҡ
㲻ǾǾ¡
š
޵ͷһżȭʡ
˵Ϸ棬ѧԺгɾ͸С
ûֱ֪Ҫôã޼ôְֽˡ
ĸ첲󴩹סְһ¡
ܵŴȣߺ
оļ̡
͵͵̧°ͣһֱ޵ĸо
޲֪ƴ˿̵ж죬ҪؿԾ
ѧ𣿡
ſƣѯһ
ʶͷȴ룬ѧë߰ղһ˼ڻȥˡ
ְסʾְסǸʾȭ
޺ڽ
רˣһҲ
ʵѧϰȰ飬һֺҸĸо
ָºܿˣ̿ʼ˵һϷ
Ĳɣʱʱ͵ԱߵСѾͷһۣüͷضŵӣɾúЦ
һ֣޻ʤ
Ϊͷˮʵ̫ˡ
ˣҪһ֡
ת˿ĸо
ڶ֣Ҳû棬ӮƵģôҲ벻Ȼˡ
޼ֱֻĴʵǵ͹СѾͷˡ 
ҾȻӮˣ
Լš
š޼װصͷ󻹸ظпû뵽ôʵ
˰ɣ
ûС
һԣҾøղǽҡ
á
ˣ뿴ʵˮƽΣ֪
ˡ
أˡ
ѲǸϷţ
磬ô˰Ϸôôð

˺ųϷͻȻˣе
Ϸ̫Ͷˣһϳġ
ĬȻ룬ԣǸһʮһϷ
Ҳ˼
޷Բȥˡ
ƾûʲô˼ƵطϷֱ˵ˡ
ղźòײķΧͻȻֱˣ޺ڵԼһơ
ҡ
ͷҲ֪˵ʲôá
ƴ˸ǷеˣϢɡ
˵Ϳɳϱ۾
ڵ̺ϣֱֱһĨް
ͷԼƺѾѰõĸ飬ڽ죬ָоԽǿˡ
޵ǻŵģΪ֪Ҫô졣
һ֪ĸ鲢⣬ǲǻŵӴԺԶԶģ
û취ĺһ;ܻš
ƿ˺һɳϣȷ˯ˡ
ߵԣ룬ȻѴһƷ˿Ҵ
һУ˯Ʋ֪飬˿ξǸΡйء
˯ʱ޾һԵĵɳϿֻ
ɫսںڵ㷢ϣճΣĵһĻʮá
ȻķΧƣĺһ硱Ϊˣæȥʲô£ȴԽر۾

޿üšǵ壬ܺμʲôݡ
̲ס̧֣ظƽü
ƺ΢΢ͣ۵Ĵ꣬˸¡
Īойӿʹʶ˳Լڡ
硭
ͻȻֺ޵Ϊ֮һ
ãûбˡ
ӣĴڲл
Ҳֻ˳ۡ

һǽӱʱ䶼Ѿָ2ˡ
Ȼ˯Сʱ˼顣
ӷˡ๾ࡱоӾżһŨŨķ㡣
ߵſڣ̨ǰæ
ǰɫڣ˶͸¶һӼҺ˵ɡ
Ƶһμͦģ̲סóֻ͵һš
Ҫ¿ŵ˲䣬عͷͷպöǿ̡
Уǧǹ䣬貵ҫۡ
Чľˣ޶ݡ
Ƭаĸп
ղ͵ˣšüʡ
ƬɾˣϽҡͷϣûûС
ŲĻ˹ָ˵ҿյ˧˧
õſ㳤ô϶ôĶ˧
ƾԼȵ˼㡣
ź̹¶΢ЦŹ˵
ϾˣԵһ
ô˵Ƶ٩һ䣬磬ͷһξһ档
ŶĴɡ
޲ϸղŵᣬصˡ
ͷúۣ߽չͷһʲô
㿴
оţ⡣ȷ˵
޵ͷӦţ⣬Ȼµ
ţ氡
𣿡
Ȼˡ
صصͷֻҪķԡ
֪ưˣţºԺ󣬻صظһЩŽȥ
жȫϸƿˣ;ȡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣϲʲôǵ
ǰ£ȲӼһţ⡣
ڵǸ˲䣬ˣΪţζ˿ġ
磬տȥˡ
ţһЦԷô𡣡
Ʋ˼صͷĬĬˡ
Ȼǲεˣ

Ƶȷһ߳ܵΣްǽϣͷݺ
ô֪μˣѲ˵ʲôλˣ
˵޾֪һǵˣϾҲͺһΪ硣
μʲôˣ
ʡ
תӣСش˵ûʲôμųԷһ
ѡ
һۿΪıʵ̫Ȼˡ
ġ
Ʋ֪ôˣŪ
Ҳû׷ʣ˿
緹ɳϿӣͻȻֻˣһմġ
˵ܳǸйأ
ֱ˵ʡ
ƼĬ룬ˣǡ
ʲôˣ˵ҵүްģʶ
ڻڻУеġ
ƺͷ۵̫Ѩ֪ҵĹϵڲҲˡ
ǣߵ̨
޿ıӰɵü
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մ㣬ǸҶһ¡
ʲô
ҵĸ硣
ͷĬ˺ܾá
֪һ𾪣ҲϾϴȥչޣװʶ
Ȼ磬㲻ϰˣ˵鱦ƷҲˣǰ;α˷ʱء
մһ͸ζ
ƻûüԼͰѵ绰ˡ
Ȼˡ
̾˿ƻص޼ͷɥʲôĵ绰
ҵֱ쵼
ƿɳϣͷ컨壬ʮεظпòײҵĹôˡ
֪ʱյԳɹ֪ͨжˣΪҹ˾չͼǰ;һƬã˭֪
δûԤϰ
Ĺ˾㻹ȥӽˮˣ
˵ֻ꣬ȥһ绰
Ҫһλʦȥһ칫ҳǱԽԽá
꣬ž͹˵绰
ƴ㵵գգۣ˵ʦҰɣ
ȻأҴԼȥ

ûͬ⣬ôԾأôҲҪʱ俼һ°
Ըӣ޸о
ֵ¾ôѽܣ
ǡ
æҡͷ
֯һԣֻڵͨԼŬȡóɼ㣬õʲôչˡ
ģֻϸҪ󣬱ȶԱ˸ݡ
Ҳֲͦİ
Ĭ룬ֿڵΪձҵõĴѧһûУһ˾ͳΪʦҲ̫˰ɡ

ҵƷôҶԼ
Сֹ˵
޵Ȼȥҵʱ򣬿мͼۣͱ޵ˡ
鱦ⶫС£ͨ治ʲôģֻϸ¹򣬱ȡĺʹĥ
ÿһ㶼úܺã˵ⷽ츳ġ
磬Ĳ⡭
ϻˣ˵ҽȥ˾
ƵĻû˵꣬ͱֱӴϡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣǱ߻ûְء
ھȥ죬ôʱ˷ѡ
䣬ü
ûҪȥһİĻѱԺ᲻ڡ
Ȼ֪ΪãôԵܲˡ
磬ܸҼʱ𣿡
ܡ
޾ܾøɴ䡣
Ů˸¾ĥĥ»ʲôԥģ
ƴǰرĻҲһԥλǴӦˡ
Ϊĵ뿿һ㡣
ȥ˾ְˣ
ţҴȥ
ȥǹ˾
մݽ˴ְ棬˿⡣
ɵѾͷҪ㣬ôõôܻԼƴŬ
⻰ֻǵһЦ
ӵеģеģҲġ
ƴմ칫ҳȥ󡣺ͼλϵõͬ¸˱
ͻȻ˵ҪְЩͬ¶ܴ㵡
Ƶ֣᲻á
Ժɻڴ˿ɱңʦҾȥ㵱뿪Цض˵
ã˵ġ
΢Цһ£ӵ׼뿪ˡ
Ȼ뿪ʱû뵽쾹Ȼˡ
ǾֱߵƵǰȳʾһ֤˵ǽӵٱһ˰һˡ
ƲûκλңΪռϷģλܷǰҲ

ƵĹ˾ſڵʱоˡ
Ųµȥʲôˣ̲ȥһ绰
Ƹλ߳˾ţҪϳʱһλӵһͨ绰Ҳ֪Է˵ʲôֻ˲һ䣬žͶƱǸ˵ǲ˼۲ʶ̩ɽҪƽϡ
ƼԷʮȼתֱµ̬ȣȦˡ
ҪȥĶȥ
ˡæҡͷ
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һֲԵĸо
㶵ؿλ뿪ͻȻ˴Ӻһ¡
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ˡ
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ͨ绰ֱӴܾ쵼Աţû˵ʲôͰѶԷסˡ
سУҵ鲼ڰ˸ǣ˾ŷɥ
ߣҴȥѳԸ
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һϴǸŮĲǿ𣿡
˵ĸˡ
ǴΣȹӵǸ
ûӡˡ
顣
˼˵ţת۾ˡ

ִﷹʱʱպ㡣
ƻ˵˭أԭŷų
һƿţͿźܳӡ
ΪʲôʶأΪǰܸޣȥŷųÿҲһ
ΪԸܿͣƸദҲȦޡ
þûˣŷųƣغһá
ų硣
ͬغһ
˷⼤ӣ޵Ķͷϻ¼ߡ
üûʱҲûֵ
ʱŷųѾʼ
ǰմιȥΪչϵ˾ҵǱߴ˹һ꣬ҿߵĲˡ
Ǳ߶ʲôԼ𣿡
ŷųʼ磬˵ǱߵʱͦãҾȥ䷹
ͻȻ֪ڹġ
Ҫʣȴͷس
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Ѿˡŷųգ۷˵硣
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ãûУ
ûء
ô
ܺð㳤˧⣬ǳĬȤ
˵ʵ޵ĶͲôˡ
ղżŷųһ˲䣬ųЦݣɣǲǶŷų˼
ΪʲôҪô佱
ŷųƵĻЩƮƮȻˡ
Ȼһ¡
֪ЦҲûĻ¡
Ҫûԡ
ô˵ԾǾܾˣŷųʧƲƲ졣
ġ
ˣ졣һ˵
ôˣô
ŷųװû޵Ĳˣ졣
㲻ϲMkֶҰ㵽һֶӳԱǩCDͷø㡣
أ
Ʒһ
޴ǵȻ֮ģ˼ʱ򣬲ɲ졣
ϲǸʲôֶӣô֪Ϊʲôû˵
̫лˣһͷһԷ
ã˵ġ
޺ڴŷųԷˡ
һٷԵ޷ǳƣͲǻˣҲм˵ϻģٷ·ˣһֱ졣
ʱǻԼ´μʱ䣬ŷų˵ҪǸǩCDøơ
ֻĩʱ䣬˱㶨档
޶ԱûзʲôΪҲûȥ˵ʲô
˴Ӱ뿪ǰߣŷųŲƵߡ
ǰߵλͷۣһмߡ

ް͵Һ󣬽žͻԼˡ
սţóֻյŷųϢ
޸磬óɹӶҵģҪҪµҵĽ򣿡
޿Ϣĥĥ
ýǰīŷų
޸磬ֻҪ׷ãɶҶԸ⡣
޻ûŷųַһ
˳ǣ޻ظһ䣺
ȥԹɡ

Թʲô˼
ŷų޹ʣҲ֪ǲװ֪
ûˣһ⣬Ҳã
û֪֮
ֻһߣ޽žȥϴˡ
Ȼϴʱһ߳ܵ飬оԼ̬塣
֪ģϴͷԺͻȻֳƵӰ֮뵽ɳϣһĻȻѸٸ˷Ӧ
޵ͷֿۣڡ
ǿð
س˳ͷ޼ϴ¾ʹϴּˡ
ֻɳϣ˰ٶ
ѡԼ뷨ǲǺܱ̬û꣬ѾԼһͨ
Ȼ̬⻹
ֲãǻôˣ
СﲻͣһԽԽ÷ꡣ
ҪúһԼˣͿȥ
뵽ޱ۾ȥ
ٻر⣬ʼ˼Ƶһĸ顣
ֻǵ
ǣԼˡ

//ţ      Ů
18

ߵ, ƲŸմӴյ޷Ϣ
˵׼ʱСſڡ
һƸϽȥϴˡ
ΪҪȥ¹˾, Ǻע, ָԼ˸ױ, ¹ǰϸѡ·
˺üְҵװ, ѡ˰, ѡһ˿ʵİɫ, ɫAȹ, ôмŮˡ
һʱ, ӵ˵㣬ƸϽЬӳˡ
һСͿ޵ĳ
ƸϽ첽߹ȥ֪ͻȻһˣǹͷλһ
һ˲۵춼
ͲΪ˴ȹӴ˫Ь, һôù
޼, Ҫƿȥ, һ, Ϳܼǿؼǰˡ
ϳû£ư˰׵λãش˵ҺŤˡ
㲻Ϊӱȥ˾װİɣް뿪Ц

ƴ㵵۾û뵽ô
һίӣ޸Ͻͷ˵Ҹ㿪Цġ
ЦҲ㿪𣿡
, æǸúúãҴˡ
Ӳ˭ͷҲֻơ
ƶû뵽˵͵Ǹое̫
ҿ˵öء
΢΢˵
ư̧һЩ޿ĽѾˡ
϶۰ɡ
̵üͷ˵
Ȳȥ˾ˣҴȥҽԺ
Ʋô鷳˵ȥҽԺɣҸҩҩĨһĨͺˡ
ʲôû˵һۣȻǲͬ⡣
֪Ƣ󣬾²ı䣬Ҳ˵ʲôˡ

ҽԺֱӴȥƬӡ
ƾ̫СˣŤŶֲǹۣʲôƬӰ
ľܾȻȻȥ˿
ǮˣҲ˷ѣû취ֻˡ
Ƭҽ˵һ䣬еѪСҼҵıôߡ
ľú޹
ҽһ֧ҩ࣬˵Ĩؾͺˡ
ȥߵϢ£ҩ࣬Ĩʱȴ˵ɡ
Ͱҩ˹ȥ
ƾȵؿ㲻ôԸ⡭
ֲ˼ңչòӦõ𣿡
޵˵ţҩָ༷档
ʵ飬ƾĿĲŽ˺Ǿ䡣
޽ҩͿĨƵĽϣתȦĦ
ҩֵսȥ
ʵоܲڣΪƤֱյĸоúܿ죬Ҳúߣȴֲ˵ʲô
õ𣿡
ͻȻ̧ͷʣƿĵǣоԼͷһ¡
áöˡ
ȻûϢؽˡ
վԺ𴩸߸Ьˣ㲻ʺϡ
ҡߵġ
˵ЬֵֻЬȻ˵š
û˵ʲôסļ򣬽
ڼʵϢ죬ϰ»ͷ˵
컹ҴߵýôͻȻָı̬ˣ
ңװͷصһۡ
ʵȻʶԼ̫Ե֪ܲվ£϶һʱ߲ȥӲϰ࣬Ϣء
ʵҲˣӦȥϰ࣬붼Ѿ˵ˣҲٷڣ˭֪Ť˽ţ춼ڰֹ
òұ㣿
ôʣʵܳ
æҡҡͷ˵á
ƤٺҲ˼ҽԺֹŰ
һؾܾ޵۵һ˿ӵĹ⡣
ֵܱùˣ϶Ļɡ
ڻûȷ֮ǰ

ҽԺ뿪ްͻصҡ
һһʱ͹ȥˣֵ˸ó緹ʱ򣬵緹ûԡ
ûи˵һӲŵġ
޿ǵȽŲ㣬ү˵һֱӰѳ¥ſڡ
ƴӳ̹ȥסϸĽ£Сĵ㡣
޷ƽңɳϣͷ̾˿
Ͳóŵģʵ겻ѽ
ʲôȥ
ƹ˵һȥ˾ɡ
֪ÿ鶼ܶ࣬Ϊʱ䡣
ôԷ׼־ľ񣿡

޲ϻˣֱŤͷߡ
ƵűQţſڡ
ıӰľһĪ̤ʵС
ϲö꣬һֱ±˿̽±˵֪ΪŬΪøá
ʵһ˵ζʵûô㣬ǲǾļУҲǡԼ
͵޺þãƲſһţ⡣
ֳɵĻ˼Ҫ󣿡
ǲΪʲô˼
ǰûƤô
Ĭ룬һۣʲôͳʲôȥš
ƲƲ죬ֻɳˡ
Ȼô˵Ǹţ⣬һԵķѳ
ƿﳬж
Ȼûаְˣôĸѽ
ⱲܺһֱάĹϵȥòҲǲѡ
˿ţŽʶп磬ôóԣ˭޸ˡ
䣬˴ų貵Цݡ
ǰûʲô˲𣬵佱Ժо쳣㣬Լѧ˳ա
˵Ǿ仰֮ȴ䵽˹ȵס
ΪȻʶ޺ͱŮ˽˻飬ͻᾭԣһ뵽̲ס˼ʡ
ԽԽܣͷҲ˵ˡ
û죿
޺Ȼôһ⣬һ㶡
Ļѧ
ôͻȻ˵ˣ㲻ҵ㹫˾ϰ𣿡
ϰ൱ȻҲУѧϰĻ϶ܻ۸ĶˮƽҲߣȻЩҪԼԸĻϡ
Ƶ۾͸¶һ˿ãΪδ˼⡣
ѧҵ͸ϽҹˣΪǷҵʵ̫࣬˼ټ鷳ǣ뾡ԼûټС
ʵǿܼģΪϵͳԵѧϰһߵøȸԶ
˼⡣
ûµʱԺú룬üŻشҡ
޵һôƾñŤ
ص˵ͷ˵һῼǵġ
Jms˾£ɳ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
˱Ҫ㹻ܷڣڻԶԶﲻ̶ֳȣ۷廹Զء
ֻǣͻȻ˵Ҫǿʲô뷨ɣ

޳극Ժ뿪ˣ֮ǰƣǧҪߣúϢ˲ܺõÿ졣
ƼԼСһɾúЦ
ģһչ˺Լġ
֤޵˵Ķͷˡ
ԼһڼңʵģǸЦϢûпգ档
ЦĹɣýҵ
յƷϢʮֲôûȥϰࡣ
ˣ겻˵ˡ
ǲǸôһ𼦵ȥ㣿
Ҳ̫Сˣ𡣡
˿˻ЦЦ⣬ƣæ¾͹ȥ
ƻ˸áŷֻɳϱϢˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻߵèǰһЦˡ
ţЦųüӭŮٺᡣ
ƶˡ
ЦԹԵػЬĴӵݸ
ûˣҲаɣ
ô֪ģƺܾ˵оԼϬ
ЦŲһЦ˵ԣʺϹһӡ
ҲѵĻ͸һ𡣡˳Ļ˵
ЦƲ죬һҪء
Ѿɣ
ȥɳϳԵ⣬Цô˵š
¶˵
üϸϸ
Ц𾪵صɴ۾
ǰɣԺҪ޹
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ҲңҼ졣
ΪԼò⣬ƾЦ
ЦĬһ˼ǵؿڵŶʮ꣬ҲѧϰĻҲǲУֻǡ
˵ЩΪѵü
ʲô˵ˣһʲô˼ģ
룬ޱͲü꣬ô࣬ȥѧ֮Ĳ಻ԽԽˣ
⣬ȻҲûѧԭһҲǳĿǡ
ҲѧҲûʲôܡ
Ե¶˵ܻʱ򣬸ϲѧûϵ
ЦԼĥ˵Ƶļ򣬡ſĵ㣬Ϻ˶ǣǻбѡ񡣡
ҡҡͷûбõˡ

Цһ磬쵽ʱˣ㿪ĳAppʲô
ڲҲᣬֻܳߵˡ
СϺ
˰ɣŶ˻ġ
Ц²Ȼˡ
æ߹ȥţû뵽վŵޡ
ɫͺɫ㣬Ӣʮ㣬аԵܲõ硣
ֻһӣΥ͡
޸ȥĲ˻ʳ
ǵҪڼ죬ж㣬Եʱ䡣
ʲôģ³Ǿ
Ц룬к΢΢ף߽һ˾䣬ģ
šЦͷӦڨڨȻ˾䣬һڼģҾ͹
޵ʵ̫ǿ˵š
ţǼģȥһԡ
㡭
ЦţôҲ˰
ʲôʣ
ûûС
ЦæҡͷҲʰ
ص󣬼һץסƵ֡
һҪ£һ
С
ƾķۣ±
˧ˣôǮ͹ˣ˭뵽Цҡͷ˼ظп
ûͦóԵġ
𣿡Цü漴͵ЦпڸˣһԳ
˵䣬ƣҳķ㲻Դװɣ
۾ɿ˹ȥס죬㲻Ҫ˵ˡ
ĻҪҪˣ
Цգգۣÿ֣֪ƤٶˣúúãҲ˵ˡ
һۣӡ
˵ģͦõģ֪Ťˣԣ׸綼ϡ
ҸսҵһͶҺܺãʱҶƣôһѪԵϵôá
˵᲻ǸʱͿˣ
컨壬УǸʱҲʮꡣ
ЦͷҪĻǱ̬ˡ
˵˭̬أü
Ӵͻ϶Цһŵı顣
Ʊ˵ò˼ˣɴͲˡ

19


Ĳһ, һ
Цȥϴ֣Ȼǰ¡
ǴŹǡ㡢ּ顢峴ɽҩԼţ
Цȥˡ
ˮƽǼƵĴС˵, ˸͵Ķ
˲, ź
ǳ԰, ҹ˾¡
޴ӳ, ˵
㲻Ե𣿡
ˡ
޿ĺæ, ˵Ϳ첽ȥشЬˡ
֮, ЦЩεʣ᲻Ϊ, ŲԵİ
ôء
רһ˾Ϊ˸Цоܲ˼飬ü˼˵԰, ôæҲ鷳
ȷʵ̫ˡ
ôⲻ񵥴֮鰡
һ⣬ͻ᷺˼ң
үү, ȥ̳ɣ
ת˻, ЦҲٶ˵ʲô, ͷӦá

޴Ƶļ, žͻع˾ˡ
ҵرæڰæ֮гȥ˶˷
һݺͬʱȻ˵λԳҪ
޵ĴһλƣôͻȻˡ
߳ȥûһ, ͽˣűͦװһҲǸմӹ˾
ͦæ
ֱɳϣ˵ȥүүһǶ˼ұԹþöûȥˡ
ȥ˾ֻҸﰡ
ô˼Ҽƽϣֲǲ֪үүƢ
ļ䣬ű⣬ҵһλ̣м͵̳鲼ŷļ鱦˾̳ר񣬺ǽгں֪æ鱦е飬ⷽ淢չʶ
һ
ȴ绰һ£ҽͷɹȥ
ôż
ⲻˣ죬ͺͱ˺ˡ
͸仰ܵ޵Ұģ˵Լ⣬ʲôıأ
ô࣬ŵлزôƫƫѡ鱦
⣬¶ĪЦݡ
ս㲻һİɡشģɣ׽͸
Լ°ͣЦ˵ҵΪء
ţһ͡
Ǳʶ£Ϊɣôһ˵Ҫ鱦Ʒƣ̱̬Ҫأ
Ǽרҵҵ걻ΪϵﴫܶͬѧݵĴҵ׬Ǯ
ôش𣬾֪϶鲻˵Ҳ׷ˡ
æɣҾ㣬Ҳûʲô¶ˡ
˵꣬վҪ뿪ʱȴ磬㵱ϲǸŮʱʲôо
ԥ˰ӣŻشԼһж벻һеضá
Զ˶Ƶĸо
Ŀһͣ޴ֻ߬
Ҳû취ˣϲŶôãΪá
ƵģЦЦ
ϲ˾ȥ׷ɣԼڵ¡
˵仰첽˳ȥ
ɳϣͷȥۡ
ѡǲԼƵĸ⣬ʱԼǸ̬ŤԲ
ûϵλعտʼҲģһദͷԼƲסˣҪ
ץץͷһ
ˡ

ڶϣͷ޸Ϣ
˵˾ʱм£ҪһˣԼչ˺Լͻȣγԡ
޾ϸؽô࣬ƾůůġ
ȷǺõùˣЦ˵úܶԣ׸綼ϡ
Ҫȥ𣿿һô죿
һˣܻ᲻ԾرС
Ҳ֪һȥҪòŻ᲻ܳʱ䶼ˣ
ƺһʣȴԼ֪Ժʧ䣬һ˵ܾòŻأ

ŦԼʻ
ʮСʱУغоͷ͡
˻רӣϳŴֻ硣
ƸϢֻһ䣺
һչ˺Լһ·˳硣
̲סüȻô䵭Ҳûû
Ҫʲôʱ
ֱȥ˾Ƶ꣬ϴ˸µʱˡ
һ˯Сʱ͸ȥæҵˡ
˯ǰǴģΪ˯ѺܺתǾƵġ
ֻ뿴ûиϢָûС
ˡ
õһҲ֪ĸ硣
иո̣һֻˡ
޼£Ϊƴģһʾ
㵽Ƶ˰ɣ
Ҷ˯һˡ
ⲻܹҰϣҲŸѡ
鲻ѣܵӦһȻû£ûо͹ҵ绰
ô壬оĪ
ûһ⣬һӲô
㣬ϰ˵ɭ档
޺ͷ۵ذ˰̫Ѩλ¾̫СĽΪ˺ɭ̸Ҳ
ˣ֪ˡ
ӦͰѵ绰ˡ
΢ſۣƻûϢýֻһӣޱȥϴˣ۲Ĳ
ǰŸսȥֻˡ
ƴġ
һֱ޸绰ƽ˺þúþãûȵ֪о˯ˡ
Ϊ֪м£´ԲŲϵ
ֺγ޹ؽҪС£죬֪Լܣ֪ôǣ 

ϴһ¾ֻͨδӵ绰˼֣㿪󿴵ƴģ˲ˡ
ȴƫƫҪżӣûеһʱعȥƵشͷ
濴ܵʵＱСèץһ
Ϊ뿴ƻ᲻ٴڶ顣
һСʱ޶û಻סˣֻܸȥˡ
ڵĵ绰Ƶģֻһͽˡ
磬㵽𣿡
Ҷʱ˯һˡ
Ŷ
ûĲӦһ
Ӧƽƽ޲ü
ôоСѾͷ鲻ã
㷢ʲôˣ
ûа
ôʣڼܷʲô¡
ûоͺá
ţƽͷˣȥæ°ɡ
Ʋ뵢ʱ䣬޵ĶζͲͬˡ
Ӧǲɣ
Ҳǣ꣬ôĴôĵһȥأ
ҹˣ
޹ѯһ£ʱ䣬ƻ᲻˵ٸĻ졣
ϧûС
áûʲô飬ֻĳһ֡
޵üš壬˵Ͱѵ绰ˡ
˵ʹֹȻҵ绰Ժȴֻꡣ
ʵǶļģȴΪöԷģѡ

Ƶ˺ˣڼ˼գо쳤ëˣǾȥ̽һ̡
ܼ˵ˣڿ졣
߹ȥһˮɫȹŮ˵ĲӰ
Ƹом죬Ķ
̡
һ
ǲϴμĺȹŮ
ƣȻҲʮֲ죬ΪǴ˵޵Ůѡ
ƴ˿̽ΣֻҪ𴩵޴С
ƣҸһ£λǰ俣Сܡ
俲źۼشƣа²ݡ
˶̬˺ƣѲѾõҵĳˣĻôкǰ뷨
ԣҲ޵Ůѡ
ƼһֱζؿоŤ
֪ҲͲˡ
ƣ˰
˵󣬼ҲûʲôӦ
ֻúһ㡣
ת飬ɫ㣬λ˭ҵİ
Ǽҵİá

Ȼ˲ѣƵʱĺΡ
Ȼصͷ˵һŮԭ
ȻϵãϴΪԳŮأƭˣмùϵ
俵͸¶һĨ
̽һơ
ãҿ԰ĻúܺãȥôҲʶʶ㡣
ƻû̬͸˵˵ЩҾģ㰲俽ȥɡ
š
Ƶͷ俣߰ɡ
֪϶ϴε飬Ҳڻ޵Ĺϵ
̰俽еҲִˡ
԰湦򶼲˵ãϴģӦûɡ
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⻰оһ¡
⻰˼˵ڶ׷ûʲôܷϣ֪֮Ҫٿ
죬Щ˵̫͸ҾͶס
̬һ°ͣ˵ʵҹΪܺܿҪĿڽɩˡ
⻰оܸЦôҵԸ񣬻ɼڲ
û΢΢һЦĿԴ㵽׻᲻Ϊɩӡ
⻰ỵ̂ǲĻյøˡ
ҵˣҲǸŮʲôŵģ
ͳ£˵ѾͷЬ䣡
ǿҵϣһƣû˭Ҹֿ˵أ
ע⵽˰һ׺ݣľһ¡
ǰֵôŴ󷽣ʵĿ֪ʲôء
ҿ㲻̫ǳͻӣȻҾȽȥˡ
˵ֱӣҲȦӡ
û뵽俱ֱε˾䣬ֹٰңǲ޸ޣ
Ƶࡰ⡱һ£ϲûûһ޸
㲻ùܱˣҪĻԻῴ㡣
⻰ƽתȥˡ
俿ıӰҧ

գյŷų΢ţ˵Է˳ǩCD
Ǹֶӵ˷˿ΪڰǶʱ⣬һֱǵĸ衣
ŷųô֪ģΪпˢ΢˳ھ΢˺ţ֪͵һʱ俴΢ȫǺǸֶйء
ѹ˵ܶŮӵ΢׷ǵģƱˡ
Լ˼ص㣬ŷų˵Ҫƾܾ˺üΣǺܼ֣ҵСַ
СſڳƾͿŸߵıɫŷųؿܳ档
ɫ·ҲֻܼԦˡ
һ߹ȥ˸ʻĳš
лл
Ƴ΢΢һЦ
ŷųƻصʻǱߣóCDݸơ
æӹȥڼ顣
̫лˡ
֮Ͷѡ
ưֵؿ˰죬Ž
ôصһҪԷС
ŷųЦ֡
ŵĸպϲǸֶӵĸ衣
оӦòɺϡ
Ƕֶ֪ԺҲǵĸˡ
ΪʲôϲΪǵĸܸ˾裬ԺҾϣ
Ҳɡŷų棬ζɵģʵҲкڰڡ
Ϊ𣿡
ʱΪͥʱΪеʱԼҲ˵Ϊʲô
ÿ˶ʱ򣬸оʲô᲻Ȥ
ŷųô˵ޱͬصͷ˵û
ЦЦһķ羰
һУлس̽һ죬ȻҪעһ·ϵķ羰ǲûа
ŷųŤͷƣƺµӡ
Ůһμ;̫죬ǴЩ
ʲôԵĶ𣿡ĬƬ̺ŷų
ԣҲʳ
ҴȥԴŵ
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˼ͬһʱ䵽ģЦŷųʱɵˡ
ڳʱЦҪһλ˧һԷͦڴģ˭֪Ȼǡ
˶һۣ˴˵϶һ˿Ρ
ƿ˲ԾЦʲô
ЦС˵㻹ǵҸ²۹Ǹֻ˰µǰ𣿡
ɣ
ԣ
Ц˵ⱲӶټ˭֪ô˿ЦƵİºطġ
þòƯ˰
ŷųֲڴ´Ц
Ц˳ûΪ˾˵
ôأԽԽѿ
ŷų
ͻǸһ
ˣҼȻˣһԷɣ֮ôƽϡ
εģâֻܳԲ
Цһ鲻ԸŷųҪ£ȴͺһֹҶ棬ͷ
ƣ
˶Թ
Աò˵ŷųȽʿλŮ㡣
Ͷ԰ɣЦ˵һ
롣
˵꣬Цһ
Ҳ̫СˣŮ͵ĵ
ŷų˵úΣȻƷզأҲŮǮ
֮ǰ˵ͣûԣʹˣġ

20

ŷųյЦӵĿ, Ͻ͵ұʹ͵ģŮǮҶûӰ
⻹ࡣ
ЦƲ, ɨ۲˵, ֱӵ˵Ҿĵˡ

ŷųĬ, ǿ´, 㡣
λǲ𰡣
ЦȻô˵, ȴҲûô, ֻԼԵġ
ŷųźۼش, ǰӳˡ
ʱܴúŮ񷶣Ůζ, ܹ黹һѧۡ
ЦеزĿ⣬һǰ˹ȥ
ŷųæͷ
СϺ
ϰߺһ˵ϡ
ȳԣŮʿȡ
ŷųЦһơ
Цû, һ, СϺ
Ҳ԰
ŷųתͷ, һĵ顣
һǸЦ, Ц;öģ׷ʱҲЦ
ʱ׾ЦͦģڿǺǣ
ҪҸҿóˡ
ŷųʮֹȵơ
ιбҽõ⡣
˭˭ˣ
ûʲô
û飡
ɵþСѧڳһ
ưй۲ˣֻͦ˼ġ
Ȼ΢һ, óֻ鿴޸Ϣ
һճͼƬ߶Ѿˡ
ݸϵĲ˷
ҺԷء
һ䣬˵ŮӼҼҵĴϲؼҡ
޺ܿعݺɵˡ
˵ŷų
ô֪ģѵŷų߹
ƺܺ棬ŷųȷϣ˵һԷ¶
Ҹ˵ﰡ
ŷųֲɵҪǸ˵ˣͬһûʵʵ˵ǡ
ˣô֪ģ
ĵ׷ëĸо˿ܣɣû
Ƶ㿪ͼƬ뿴ǲ͸¶ʲôѶϢ֡
ŷų˽ȥϴֻװ͸ϸ֪ġ
ƾúÿֲ޵ĶҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱضƬ
ŷųǺģһͶˡ
ҪعУ֪ĸ͵ǵΪǿˡ

극ƽЦһȥ̳Ϊүүˣȥ
үүʲôȱȷʵ֪ʲôȥվһ˿ɡ
үүЦȥŮװˡ
ŮŸ첲һҹʴƵŮװƽžͿһϤӰһ
ʲôԩ·խ̵ˡ
һͷҲƣĴŤ
ãҲְ
һ÷У֪ĻΪǶ죬ء
˼ҰݣȻܲ𴩣ϵػԲõЦݣ˵ǰû뵽ء
Цʶ꣬ô
źۼشһ˭º͵ôĵ⣬϶ʲôˡ
װߵһЦ˵̸ңүүգҹȥҲصعһʵ·ҿ
⻰ϵЦЩס
Ѹٱ΢΢˵үүգ϶ҪԵöׯ󷽵֣ľͲУḡ
Ц͸ղŵĻһЩѶϢЦصƣܵŨŨġζ
û뵽ƾȻ˵ḡЦ˫ֻأɨһۡ
ŰTţп㣬ƲƲ죬þӸµ̬˵ãʮ˰ɣҲѧŴһԼˡ
ƱˣҪڷЦ̲סˡ
ƵѧУǿУ׷ܴ̳ĸһŵ㣬ǲ磬ҲÿҿɲϣŨױĨģӹ׵С
ЦϬģһ˱Ȳ˵ģ仰ðòļ
һͨȻѻػ죬ȴһ仰˵
˵ˣʱ䱦󣬻ùء
Ц˵ˡ
ǲڵĻᣬ
Զ̲֮סЦ
˵Ҳ̫ˣ׷ôࡣ
˭˵ûеģÿ춼дת㣬кܶ㲻֪ġ
Ц˵ִ꣬ļĳ˵㿴ô㣬Ҳ𣿡
ҲҲõģҶϲ
Ц׵صͷʣղŮĵ˭
û³𣿡
˼ҪΪҵ׼ϱòδްɣ
ʲôδޡ̷͵ܸ磬ȻΪ¶ܳɣ˵ϾҪĿںɩˡ
Ц̲꣬סꡱһЦ˳
ǰɣ֢ôصҪô׷Ҳڿʮ˻
ǡ
ô˵һÿ·ѹҪƯҪᡣ
ұͱᡣ
ǡЦͷɨЩ·Ȼһϵĳȹ˲ǰһ
ȹӺÿúܰƵϱȻһ£㴩Ժʡ
ɫҵͦϲģǲ֪ҴЧΡ
Ծ֪ˡ
Ц¼䡣
ƻȹӳԼͫһ˲Ŵˡ

ЦתȦһ̾
ƤͰ𪣬ɫĵӨ͸˶ŹһϸճߣȹӴϣֵȻŮʡ
򣡱˾ͳֵԺڣ
Ц쳣˵
ƲʧЦôԱƵģ
˵Ŀʵ
úúãġ
ȹӣ룬Ҳ֪᲻ڵĻٺÿʲôأ

ү죬ľȥլ޴绰ʹ֪زʧ
ʱ䣬Ѿһܶûˣ֮ǰѾϰûһˣİȼյøˡ
үӲϲߵţٳֻѹصһμӣī
ϲī̤ʵɿƽļˡ
Ƹլãī͹ˣ֪үӰ鷨үӴһķı
үӷǳˣֱ˵͵⡣
Ƽүүīôϲоͷۣûī뷨
īţƽմôŴ󷽣͸
˽ϵûУ
үϴǽϵʽ̲סһ䡣
ī⣬Ĭ롣
ϵ
뵽ƶľܾ͸оʧ䡣
ĵһ𣿡
Ƽүүʵôֱףоܲ˼
үү
غһʾҪˡ
үĵװ̾ʵҲôżʵ״ԽԽ⣬ԼͻȻ徣һˣҲżңûչˡ
īΣæתƻ⣬ү˱ġ
ٽҹǽˣҲˡ
ƺ˸棬һζʮۣ΢΢ü
ý촩ÿÿء
ƻ⣬һ̵ڱΪʲô
ͦڳǰϷġ
촩Ҳأһصشġ
Ҳؿһ䡣
޴˵绰˵Ǳߵ黹û꣬ϲ
԰俽˾䡣
ϵЦʧʧ顣
ûϵæҵҪ
ǻ̲ס룬֪֪ҪѰ俽ܸ飿֪ʲô̬أ
ڱ̫ˣƱȥߵĻ԰ˡ
ǧϣͷҹգһ˾ط
ǺҹǱ߻ǰ졣
֪ڵʲôأ
ԽԽһ궯ѰתעȴԼ뵽ʲôܺϹ
֪˶ãһͳĶ
㴩ô٣䲻䣿
Ťͷȥī
䰡ҡҡͷ
û뵽īװ˵˼ϡ
ҿԤˣϮҪ½ˣٴôˡ
ƶľٶоĪ
˵˲䣬ӲҪϣ˵Ǻ⣬Ҳе̫Ե
ҡ
ڣҪȴһĨϤӰ˹
һ˲䣬ƻΪԼ˻þ
ôᡭ
ɻüƿһһ߽ȽĲϢ
ֱƲȷǻþ
͵͵Ļأ
ڿЦʣȴѹֵŭ
Ļᡭ
ʣƾе裬Ϊⲻʲôôʡ
ģ˭˵͵͵ˣ
īһǵĹϵԵøˣô˵
ǳ
ƸҪڽͣȴ˵ǿǴˣġ
˵ת뿪ˣƿıӰ˲˹ȵס
ҲǺүүһϣīһİɣ

޸һصߣ俾Ť˹ȥ
˵㻹ûæ꣬ˣ˺󻹺ʧء
Ͷ˵֪ͷϣŭյҪը
ûֱǰߣð俺εضԭء
ıӰüͷõ
ôô

ﶼˣ޾÷꣬˶¥
ֳ̨¸뿴ƺīڲڡ
һøˡ
Ȼڸ죡
ѵīһˣ
޸оܰգųãͷôıʡ
ƴ绰ʱûϾҪع飬һϲ
լԺҴȥүүкףտ֣Ȼȥˡ
ܼ˵߻԰ȥˣ̾͹ȥˣȴÿīϵװƵϡ
һ˲䣬ĵӿǿҵŭ⣬ַ˺īҲǲĺֵˡ
һִδйĸоڵ»δʶʵǳԴס
ʵ֮Իڸī˵ΪոյΪ
ߺ󣬹ӣīʲô˼
īо޹˵ֻڿЦ
ҸоǹģĹϵΪͻЭһ𣿡
ͻȻϬͱˣī֮ǰӴǸº͵ȫͬ
šüɻˣˣΪʲôô
Ʊʵ룬ŵǿΪûκϵΪʲôҪ᣿
˵ڿЦΪҺǺܺõѡ
ī˵ţͻȻȻֹΪʶر𾪵һ㡣
ϲ˲ɣ
ҲûпܵģϾûѪԵϵ
īʣȴƾѿֻܰѹȥ
ϣԺټ棬ҲҪ˵ܱ־ͱ־롣ƻ˵úܾûתء
֮ǰīܿΪΪǸֱˣɸոľٶȴ߸
īƵһšü
΢£ȴֿ˿ڡ
Ƚȥˡ
˵ֱ꣬߹ȥˡ
īŤͷıӰǸиԵŮܱϲǶô˰

ƽȥԺʶѰ޵Ӱ
Ȼ˵ĵĻû취
ûҵ˰俣üܲ˵ӣʱֺ̬кܴĲͬ
Ʋôˣ˭ǵ˲ʹ죿
俶ƵĿ⣬һ
ת飬ܿµ˿ܡ
Ƕ˶Ӱɣ
үӵջϾҪʼˣ˶ò͵صذڷһŴӣʮˡ
Ŀ˲٣мݣүӵѵȡ
ƹȥҲûޣȥĶˡ
ôŵʱ޳ˡ
ƺ֪ط˷ͣͷ޼ụ֮́ܶǰԵþ䣬üǹˡ
ûֱߵ˴Աߡ
ȫԵƣĬĬͷεʧ䡣
ȴô벻Ĺ⾰
ȻƲ֪ͷһ˲䣬޳˹
ùˣɰƤֲʧģ޵ͬʱĳ嶯
ײ޵ĸ첲⣬ֵүү˵㲻𣿡
ͻȻָһϲ𣿡ֱ׳طʡ
ŬŬͣšüˬ㲻ٿˡ
Ҳ֪˭λү
ҶɣҲûˣЩ
үӿкһҲŷ׷λ¡
Ѱ俰ŵԱߵλϣ޻£ûע⵽
͵͵һۣĿͣԸеıϣȻʼ١
Ƶλ޺Զȴպܿ俷شޣĵҲӿһɴ⡣
ҰʮٳлǰҰֹ٣ﾴһˡ
ΪȨߣȿڽһлĻ
үмλϣ΢Цʾ⡣
Ͻ껰֮󣬹ܼҰһߵĴ󵰸
ϱһŴңдˡ綫ٱɽ
Ϻ󣬽ŵƹϨˣүԸ
үѾãûԥ˵ϣҵŮܹһùޡ
˵Щݶ֪ķ
û뵽үүԸȻйأˮһ˲ӿۿ
˵Ӷ˸ÿ˶һ飬ųͿʼϲˡ
ûʲôθڣȱȱؼˣͲٳˡ
һֱڰй۲¿ӣšü

21

, ϺܺóԵģ㳢
ԺȻһεεŮ޵ߡ
תͷһ, 俴һЦ, оӦ
ڰʾ޸Ϻ, ʵ֤ٶ޴, ޲Ǻõġ
Ҫ˼в, ࡣ
˵, , үүգ
ġ
裿
ü, ʲô˼
Ŭһ죬뿪æʲôˣ
ʲôˣҵ˽»Ҫ㱨
ƽʱ˵Ͷ࣬ڵͷϡ
俱ҭֱ, ȴԲĵغ, ΪñΪദ, һּ, Ҫƿ
һֱ͵ǱߣȻҲע⵽ˣһĻµܡ
Ц˵ûĿԼϲ˺ͱһζڻֻǿͱŮ˵;ܵ¡
īڰй۲ƣį, йأ޵ķһںһŮ˵еĲ²Ǽˡ
ƵԱߣʱʱ俺޵ķ򿴣۲ദΡ
ƣ㿴Ͱ俰㲻䣿
Цƣȴ쳣пᡣ
ֻܺӦ˵ʲôԼ֪
Ͷ绹磬ǵͶСˣżⰲҪǶ˼ҾͰܸˣãҪ̸Ҿ;찲Ŷ顣
Ʊûʳô˵֮óԲˣȥϴּ䣬뿪λӡ
޼뿪ʶվɳ嶯ձѹ
ȥϴּһˣվӡ
ϾԼɫ쳣ƣԵرûо
̾Ǹˡ
ȥ͸Լһվ˻Ȼߵߡ
磬ôҲˣ
Ҳǿ𣿡ЦЦʣôˣĶ𣿡
ûаҳϴּ䣬˳͸͸
˵ͷû˵ʲô̧ͷ죬ſڵҪꡣ
ţˡ
˵⻰͵ش˸硣
ʱšü㴩ôٲð˰ɣ
Ӧòɡ
ƵʵҲûףΪʼˡ
ŮӶҪƯ¶ȡ
ε̾˿ߴˣȥɣҹܼҪðҩԡ
á
첲ߡ
ȻҪȥʱȴ⧲ײһ˵ϡ
ʶ̧ͷаʮһˡ
˶һۣ޺ܿʹߣûƵģֱԱ߹ȥˡ
һŭ˲Ƶĵ
˻ôСۣʲô
һ첽˱
ߵԱߣôˣ
ߴˣ̡
˵Ŵӿڴ̺лд
޾ˣΪӡУôĴǴû̵ġ
̱ȼһ˿Ʈɢ޳ָ̣ƵƵĿա
ʲôʱʼ̵ģ޺ʡ
ĿԶش𣺡ʧʱ򡣡
ôû
Цһôܼ
޳Ĭˣ岻á
û㻹ͦġŲһ䣬˵̻ңƸðˡ
Ŀһͣװͷ˵ð˹ʲô£
Ŀ̲סЦ
ҾǸһ˵ò
˭ˣʶ
Ц
Цôζˡ
Ȼؽֲڴ˵ҵøϽؼҵʱȥͷۡ
Ҳõүүչߡ
֪ȥɡ
ֵһصʶƵλÿۣȴû
СѾͷȥĶˣ
ƴʱڳŹܼҪ׼棬ӧ˵Ū
ʳƲóѶҲ̫󣬻ܹսһµġ
̿һϸȻֱܹؼΪһСľͻϡ
ŵͷðˣӳһ
ƽŽȻ˸ɰ
úʢȻ󽫺ɰ档
ܼңˣȥүүɡ
Ʋ˼ԶȥԵڹҫТƵġ
ܼҽ˵үǰС˵˾䣬ǴСԶġ
үӺüӿĸж
곤վˣѶ½½뿪ˣֻʣԼˣа信
ûߣΪ֪϶ᰲȥġ
Ҫߵʱס
Ѱӻȥ
˳·
޺ܲӣͷ֡
俼װʧصͷ˵ˣ̣Ҽ˾Ӱɡ
ƿǶװĺЦ
˽Ŀ϶Ϊ񣬶ʵأ
ˣڶ˵̣Ȼȥˡ
ӻȥ
ôţо
ôأ
Թ޿ھ˵˾䣬ҪͼԤҵҵˣԼҡ
⻰˵˲ˣŰҲɫӲ
㲻ԼƯֺãҲһʲôɿأ
˵ǻʹǵˣıӰܵʲô顣
ƿгʣ̲סͬ顣
Щ˵Ըִ֣ûܻӲҪ֡
ص˸ʾߣԶû̵ս
Ƹĺ뿪ȥ˵С͸̣Լ׼Բı䣬˰ڲҲǵģȻ
ҾҲżͱϾǶˣҲʱҶˡ
ƺһ˵Żһ߳ߡ
û߼ŲȻһ٣ΪվǶ
һɫޱ޼ʵҹΪһ塣
ƸղûʱɵЩΣΪͷˣô϶ˡ
Ҿ¶Ҳ£졣
޵ؿ˵˾䣬⻰Ȼ˵ġ
Ƹоѿǲ˵ģʱ죬Ϊһãֻ
ȥˡ
ƾܣοһ䡣
ʼ磬װЦЦû£Ҷϰˡ
ô˵صҺȴһʱЦ˵绰²ۣΪҪˣ
Ц󣬺ƽطһ䣬ûôпǳԴˣ

ȻأΪһ磬ͱ߽Ҳ˵ⲻɣƾôԸҸоΪϲ㣬Բűֵ˱Ť
ϲ
ܣƴǲġ
㲻ǲȷҽһ취
ֽңһЩȷķ𣿡
ξС
ЦĻš
ǿӦ˵ɡ
Ȧһ״ֻ̬һ˿ɼʲôӦ
ĬһſڵһԶأ
ǲ㣬Ǿ͸˵ǳԴ˰ʱ㻹ʲôǣֱϳ壬˵£
Цô·ѾʤƵģƲɾúЦ
Ըģԥκ˵ǲҪˣҶĲ𡣡
޵ĹϵıСĽſԣһƻгڶˡ
Цô˵֪ĿеλжҪˡ
ɣ㣬Ӳ¡
ôƤ
ȻͱŮһ𰡣ʱɱҿޣҲᰲοŶ
Цһơ
ǵؽӽˣֻˡ

޻ؼҺʧ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵģ֮һ˯Ͳѡ
ֻۣʱѾһ㡣
Ӵ޷ץץͷȻȥϴּϴ
žˢʱȻ뵽ơ
ڵҲ֪ʲôȥԼ˰ɣ
뵽һ㣬޵ˡ
ûƻ顣
ϴֱ꣬ȥ˾ˣһ˻кܶҪ
һ˾͸㱨ճ̱ϻҪĳܳԷ̸⡣
޵ͷӦרĴ
Ҳ֪˶ãϦµʱͻȻյƷϢ
磬𣿡
ϢϽ˲иˡ
ûС
ֻܸ֡
Ҳ֪ǲϻӦˡ
ûµĻһȥҹаɣԷ
ƹɵʵѾŵÿɤˡ
޼ԼҹУоĪ
Ѿͷѵʲô£ȻôԵ޹Լأ
˼룬޲ŻظȥҲǽһ֡
á
ƿЩʧƲƲ졣
˵ôô䣬ϲӣ
óּɣȥ
ڼû£϶Ҫȿʱ䡣
ߵɡ
޾һû꣬Ҳ̫á
գߵ
ƺܿĵȥԼˡ
һһ磬ʼھҪҪ죬Ϊ֪ԼȥĻ϶ȲԼ
죬ڹϢյĻظԭ˲䲦Ƽˡ
ƸϽȥ¹ǰѡ·ˣ״̬ǸеСŮ
һߣڴӦ֮󣬾Ͱ˽
֪ͨܣ˵ҽʱ£Լ
󣬾°ͶҪˡ
ϴ㡭
ͷʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϴѾ˼һθӣΪͻȻ˵ҪȥθԼϣҪˬԼ׻ˣ
ʵڲΪʲô׳˾䣬װܣûŮҪ㣬ʲôҪ£
֪ûУ
޵һ䷴ʰҭġ


22

˰, ʣŮˣʲôʱ¶
ʵһֱΪϲеģΪԼ˺þãΨֱǱˡ
ȥ
޲˵
ĬĬ˳ȥ, ̾˿
Ҫܴ̯, ˭˼ҪŮأͻ̸Ҫ, ҲǮ

ʱչ, ޾׼ˡ
ΪʱҪ¼Ӱ, 칫רŪ˼Ϣ, ߽ȥվ, ԽԽԼ࣬ʺȥҹС
³, һеĳϡ
ܱȸղԵһЩˣôй˵ʡ
޲üĵ˼ţԺǲҪ·
߳칫ңްйʣôΣ
ǳ˧
Ĵָ, Եؿޡ
Ϊȷʵûܻ˧ˡ
˧Լ֪, ôġ
ܳ, šʮ
ҲȷĻش
˵⻰֮, ޵˲ӿֳŭ⡣
ôĺ˰
Ŷʮ꣬˵ʮģ
ҿ첻ˡ
һЦ޴ǰȥˡ
㵵գգۣĸоԼ޹

ҵ֣ȥͣ˳Ȼƴ˵绰
ʱ·ϣö³
ӵ޵ĵ绰ʶʱ, ֲʮ
òѾ˰ɣ
ĵײ²ţȽ˵绰˵Ѿˡ
Ƶĵһżæʦжòܵ
ʦε˵Ҳ֪׶¶ðȥ·Ϳ쵽ˡ
·̣ʱ³йȥĻҲʮӾܵҵ֣³ٶȣÿ졣
ǣƸʦ˵³͸˳Ǯӳȥˡ
ڵ绰Ҫ³λù뿴жԶ
ԶĻ͹ȥôôõ·
ƹ˵绰󣬴λùúܽ˳·ߣû뵽Ҳķ߽
ĸоر棬˶ŬȥԷ
սǴ⧲ĺˣͬʱͣסŲŶԷ۵Ц⡣
磬ҶӶˡ
ߣҴȥԶ
ȻĶԻǻص˵յĲ·һ˲ɢˡ
·ϣƸðûУƺֵҡͷûð
粻˵㡭
˵˵ţͻȻ׹
ǿƸ⣬İɣ
е˯һͺˡ
š
޵ӦĿɨһۡ
ƽ촩ɫĳȹ˼ɫСףɫɢڼϣĵ˶Ůʮ㡣
޻ǵǻһ³Ĺȹȴ򵥵ػŴرΡ
ʱƲʲôСΪ֪ԼңԱֺ˸ÿμСغһ硱ȥʲô
ԼʱҲĻǵдȥ߶򣬿ƺܣĪúܺ棬һصҺڴ춼û
Ϻ֪󣬺ݺݵذһ١
ʱûԼ֣Ϊ̫
䵽£̲סЦ
й쵰ġ
ЦʲôƸоĪ
޿ʣǰô۸㣬ǲغң

ôأϲϲҪ
ƵĴ۾գգë˵ҾԼⱲ˾ǽҡ
Ȼʶ㡭
Ǿ䣬ĵĬĬ˵
ûǼ֮ǰӹرɣ㲻Ǹң߰ͻ𣿡
š
Ƶͷûж˵ʲô
ΪڵѾྡҲȥԹ
޿ԺͻȻֳһ棬ССŮվ̨ǰŽţҪĶ
ôĹòȴҪƴҧȥãЩǸͲóܵġ
뵽ȻоԼ۵۵׶ɬʪĸо
ƼǱҪƵģɾȵôˡ
޴ҡҡͷȻҪһӳ谮뷨ȴԽᶨ

ҹеСһ֣رض˵ʲô縶Ǯ
ţЦ㵱ٳʳƷ𣿡
żһû¡
ô˵ԡ
ޣ
СԽͷ䵽βըСӡȦʥȺöСԡ
ĻԲˣǸϽ˸λ
޸պ·£ԾĺڷϣϺõĺʯ仪
ҪŬԼֵòôߣ޵ǰ֪Ҫٴλˡ
磬㳢رóԡ
ưһըݸޣı顣
ǰǴӲЩСԵģҲʼˡ
ǿҧһڣͷɡ
ЦЦҾ֪϶ϲԡ
Ϊʲôô϶
ΪҸİ
ԣ޵©һġ
Цô⻰Ӧò˼
ܶҪˡ
ֹһϽԡ
ĴǱ߲Сմͣ޵⽥һ˲䣬ЩĶ
һ̧ͷڿԼЩ˼һ
Ҫôǲϲ˵մˡ

һ˲뷭ۡ
̲סʱ򣬸Ĵ֪顣
棬޺ȻʣҸ飬ǵôˣ
һ㶣ȻŷӦʵʲô
Ǻ˰ѡϰࡣ
Ϊʲôѧ
ûΪʲôҵѡ񡣡
ԵĻĿ࿴޵ͷãȥ˾
䣬üôɴֲ࣬
ɡ
ô㻹£
ҰļգҪȥ˾Ļ컹١
Щյü
ȻôҪ¶ˡ
ÿ⼸죬ѹӡ
Ǽҵһʱдο͵͵ں԰ޣǸʱ֪ļҪˣʲô£Ҳ˵ûˣв˵ʵ
ֱӾ˵ˣҴȥǡ
𣿡
Ƶ۾һӾ
ϾǸʱֻʮ꣬ûд˴ţһСŮҪôҵõĵط
ÿһ꣬޶ȥ̽ö֮Ҳϰߡ
ֱȥϰֹ߲ˣҲˣŵ½Ҳˡ
ȥɡ
ˡ
޸һھͱƸܾˡ
ʱˬšüǰ겻ҴȥģھԼӲˣ
һµ㹤
Ƽ˵ͷо
Ŵû˵Ȼ룬Լϲˣôܽеأ
ÆˣǰˣҲòżٿ
˭ٿˣûС
и̣ϹɵӦתת飬ͻȻ˰
Ȼ̸⣬ȻΪҸ
ûؿڣֻ뵽ŷųһȥԷ
Ƽֿʼˣ㲻˵ĬĬͷԶ
ʳȽҪ
޼ô㣬Ҳ֪Щƽˡ
ôֻԼԣҲûԷء
Щ·̯㲻𣿡
ֲûԹ
˵꣬Ƿݼ׻
ΪǨ̫ˣϰ߶ıˡ
ƼԵýζɾúЦ
磬Ҹоڵܽӵ
ĿȻ䣬ѵ֮ǰҺѽӽ
Ƶͷ絷⡣
棬һϳСԣоһ
ûڷ˼Լǰж
ĬƬ̺޻ûסʣǸīǲǶܺã
üôͻȻᵽˣ
үүܸ𣿡
ǣûͬⰡ
Ϊʲôͬ⣿
ֲϲ
ϲ˭
⣬һʹӿ˳
һЩա
ƵĵӿϻңҪҪס
ͻȻĬþúþã˶û
޻ΪԼѿˣǴƽ˵ͻˣù˽¡
ƽӲس´װЦЦ
磬ϲ𣿡
˵֮Ǳˣҡҡͷ˵ûС
õش˵Լʲô顣
ûлǸѹϲأ
޹۲Ƶ飬ģҲ²͸ôġ


23

Ƴ˼СԺ, Ҳˣûʲô
磬㿴ʲô, ȥԵ㡣
ҡҡͷ, , ûθڡ
ĬȻ, üôö˶˵ͻȻûθˣ
ԶҪʲô𣿡
ν˵, վ, , ȥҹй䡣
Ƹԣüͷ, 룬ôͻȻͲˣ
ҹУֵֵĸ߷ڣررࡣ
ĽСһСľͱ˼һԡ
޼״, 첲һ, λס
, ƵС˲ֹ
ֻܼװԼű, ԴĵĻš
ûʲôĶ𣿡
һ䣬ε״̬
ûС
ʶҡͷ
㿴˼СﶼһźüӣôʲôȤ
ʲôȱȥ̫˷ѡ
ʲôҹУ
ƾ㵵۾˭˵ҹоһҪˣ̺ܵ𣿡
治֪˼˵Ĺʲôܵġ
ƺԼҹˣΪԸͲʺϹ֣Աֻƻ顣
תһȦ֮, ƿ˵ʱˣǻȥɣ첻ǻҪϹ˾𣿡
޵ͷǲŸվŵ㣿
˵ŮӲ̫Ҫؼҡ
һʲôһܶͼı죿
ʶѿڶ˵֮мֲȻȷ˵顣
ΪĶͼı족?{
ǻȴǣϣˡ
û·ˣȥ·
뵽
᣿
Ҫ̲סЦ
ǶˣʼСⷽˣ
졣
͸˵͸Ǻѡ
Ǿ仰˵ѾоΪˣҪѿ
߳ŭ͵͵һЦ
ˣԽҪ͵Խϲ˵ϣǸо˿һ
ĳ̳Ķ¥װһ䣺
ֻοԼǧҵ۹ѿ
Ͳŵ㣿
̫ź򡣡
ޣ
Լôأ
һװƹָָһţ͹̵ĳޣɫܽ𣿡
޵üͷʱ𣬱ֱˡ
ȻɣôֵɫǶκ˲Żᴩֱ
ƿı֪ˡ
̲סӵɫǽеģܶ˶ѡɫϵҾ˼ɫT
ܶˡ
ˡ
ѵĲ
ȷ̫ʺɫΪ⿪ʵĴк

Ѿͷħˣ
;͸ǹһͻͻ
޾֪ϲ˴ʲô·Ź·ĻԺַܰˡ
磬ԲܴĩʱһTҲа
á
Ƽͬˣ˼ɫ𣿡
Ҳϲͼģɡ
˵˰̾˿װε˵

뱩ߡ
ʵ㳤໹Ǻģ̫죬΢һ£˵ʮ߰˱Ҳš
һˣ˵˾˻
ǳ˳飬һ˰ɣ
ҵֱ꣬һҡ
·ǺʹģŮͣ
ȻҪԭǮ
һ޾ֱ˵򡱣ԥ֣ƶˡ
˿һСʱ˵ʮƶˣؼϢû뵽޹ˣ
ֻ˵Щ·㴩µˣ㴩ɡ
ãԺ͸·
Ҳ̫ҵ۹ˡ
ƶоܳ
޹Ц

ȥݼĸ죬Сꡣ
˵һһȷһһˡ
ϳţӭһ紵ƳſɡСߣ޺˵˹ġ
СſڣƾͿһѺɫɡվڳԣϴ·ɫɫ˶㣬Ӳ濴
ʵΪ˶صĹ⻷
һμ͵·ƻܲӦ
ΪʶʱѾʮˣǸʱʼֻˣҲڼҵʱ򣬲ŻᴩеļҾӷ
ƾĶΪ·ˡ
ǰɡ硣
΢΢ףɫһ˿ȻԼԵú֡
ƾȻ˵ʶôãҸо˧ˡ
޲û̫ģǰ˧
ڿ϶Լ۹⣿
֣˸ʻĳţ޵˵˾䣺һ˵ֻڱ档
ֹһĻĺЦ
żһɻ㣬ʶȥ
ӳʻһ׾գһܰǷְֱġ
ĵ˲ӿжû뵽Ȼϰߡ
ǰ޸һͬȥʱҲǻ׼ֻȥ꣬Լһȥġ
ǵѹ˺ܾãΪĸΪޡ
Ʋ֪ôˣͻȻͶϵʼⲻ
ȫ֪Լˣϵȴ䵭ܴԾסûƭԼװû
ʻһϴ·ü
㻹ô٣ҿð
ƺЦ
Ǿ·ݵ죬ѲҪ޷ţ
Ĺ԰µøˣûֹͣ˼
޵ɡܴܹˡ
һֳɡһ׾գ굽ɡ£ſܰ
Ĺ԰·ʯ̾Ͷɵģȥһ̨ףΪ꣬·ø⳱ʪ
ץҸ첲
ƻˤСһ¡
ƺһ־ץסĸ첲
ߣòײƸĸ׵Ĺǰ
ʻ£Ƹ˵˼仰޷ǻЩǲõңһչ˺Լ֮Ļ
ں澲ؿţֻƣΪĸĸеϧΪ˲Ϊ˸ĸƻôСͰһ˵ڼҲ᲻ʲô¡
Ϊ꣬ûд̫ãת˵߰ɡ
š
ͷ۽в飬Ҫȥ
ٲҲ׵ˣֻʣԼ磬һúܹµɡ
̨׵ʱܵӰ죬еһСĲȿˣ˳ڹǰһ
ŻˣΪԼϾҪʹĸܽӴ֪ۼֿסһ
˵ġһ£ƵͷԽš
ƺ󵹣ֻ§ס
£ƻھδ״̬ȴԽ񣬻ָѣ˲Ҫը
ֻ޴ش֪࣬Ƿ¡
ԱۣϵϢ̰һ̵á
ʵվȽŸԺҪſģȴЩ᲻á
ٲᣬҲҪſҪĻˡ
ɲãһ̬硣
޷ſƺ󣬷Ȼˡ
ǲΪΪôò˼ˡ
̨Ҳ̫ˡ
ԹԵֹţͼΡ
ֱ⣬ؼһȥ棿
ȥүүһˡ
ţ£
ûҾͲȥүү𣿡
䷴ʣһ˲ԼǸТ֮ˡ

լѾͣˣһʺԼԼظš
ܼ˵үںߵĻ԰ֻ˱ȥ˺ߡ
кܶӶˣҪ֣үӺֻȤҪΪſԡ
޺ƹȥ󣬿óͷڵء
үүôˣֲãôܸĻ
Ƽæȥֹ
үֱӣЦŶ˵¹꣬ҳϽѵһɡ
¶Ӷ˸ɲ͵𣿰ۻ˿ô죿
ô˵үӺһ
ѵСӻ֪ҡ
⻰˵ģҶûƵġ
޹ȥĸ첲ʵþû˼ˣҪȻүɱѣ
á
үӵͷӦתƣ˵ƹս
Ƹүң֮ǰҲ壬ÿ޶ˮүү˼ҿġ
ţȥ
ǰں̣ƿ˵
үƳ뿪ޣð˵ô
⻰ŵһΪԼˡ
˵ʲô
˵磬һ𡣡
ЩЦˣ˼ôһһҴ֪𣿡
ʲôϵ˳ãչˡ
ҲܳùɣüװЦĿʣô˵أ
ûһ׵ģôǻ𣿡

үүĿеһˣ
ͷҵø˵˵ȥ
Ϲˣϲˡ
ôؼңһűء
ϲ˼ң˼ҿ¡
˵һţô㣬ļҵѾͷῴϣ
ױȴĶˣ
ûˣֻš
Ϳһƺܲ鲻Ըڸүү塣
Ȼ̶֪ôһĹү֮䷢ʲô
үүҲ˼ҷˮˣر档
үۿԼҪԼӺûӣǼװһؿ˵еơ
ôͻȻò޺ɵؿԲš
ƽŵòУϽүүòýҽ
үӰ˰֣˵ãϢϢͺˡ
ϾҪӮˡ޹
үӰһۣТӣ
ˣ硣Ƹ޵˸ɫ˵үүȻǾͱˡ
ûӰɡ
ֱӴˡ
̫˽үӣ治Ļɲӵת
ôԽԽһأ

լ緹˲ߣҪع˾ƻزؼҡ
Ƶͷ鶼Ѿæˣȥ˾ɡ
׼ˣ
š
޼ᶨƵصͷ۵Ц⡣
ŮӾ͸һ㣬۱ô㣬ֻҪļᶨԼ㹻㣬κɶ⡣
֪ʲô˵һ
Ƶͷǣ綼ҪǿģϾôпᡣ

˵㣬ƵСſ
ˣææسţúأϴ
޴˾칫͸ڳˣİ칫ҽʮԶ
¸޽ȥעȽȥ
ҲãҲ֪ãա
СѾͷձҵǸúúöһ£òģܲס
ư˵ȥ²֮ž쵽İ칫
ƴһ룬һܹԽֵ¹ԽҪŬС
˾ĿǰλʦĽƣֻСԹ˾ܶԱݸе档
Էʱյ޵Ϣ¥һԱҪȥ俨Ǳ߳ԡ
Ϊ˱ӣûнƹȥһԷ
һԱЩʱˡ
⹫˾ĻʳҲ̫ˣբзϺЩֺʶС
ƳһԪķȻһء
ز˵ģɻ˶ز˻ࡣ
⹫˾ϰ嵽ǲ磬Ҳ߯˰ɡ
˸λ£ûãͬ¡
ðͬ¡
ڵλǸŵŮԣһְҵװʹʮꡣ
á
Ե״к
ʦᡣ
ݣˣΪӡУʦǺܸģ̫˵ָ˾Ա
ĸѧУҵģ
ҽ֮󣬽žơ
ԭǴģƿǸսɡ
ƸԼĸѧУģź˵ôᣬӦֻǱѧɣ
š
ƱʵЩΣ˼ͷϡ
ᳶº촽Ȼ˼֣λʦͶ˶ʿѧʮĹ顣
⻰֮Ȼǡ
ƾʲôܽ˾
뵽бɵ鷢ڻûȥֻܻͣͷóɼˡ
ҺЩǰʱǳԷ
Ʋ̬ȵúĿ࿴ˣΪԼô˵ˣ
濴᲻¡

Ƴͺص칫ңյһ⣬Ƴ
֪һްŵģڿҲǸᡣ
һʦˮƽĺûҪгģֻҪƳƷܹΪ˾棬Ҳû˻ˡ
°࣬յ޷Ϣȥͣ
ƾúܺЦ͵͵ģڸһ
򵥵ʰһ£žʹӰ칫ҳȥˡ

24

ͣ, һ˫ֱӹȥˡ
ţͷڱϢ, ŵĶû쵽, ˯˰ɡ
ûд, ĵ, Ȼֻ
޵ľǺ, ƴڵĴųӰ쵽
˯еԾ, ͵۾ͿСѾͷһߡ
ü, ЩɳƵʲôʱģ
ǰƴ, ĵǲǺ۰
ûС
ҡͷϣ󻺻档
ͣһ칤оô
ͦõİ
ã
˾Ļʳ붼ûػش, п, ֪ǹ˾ķôó, ǰרˡ
ô˵, Ц
еϢ𣿡
ͷǰ˵ǲԾѿڶ
ճƬ̣תͷȥޣɫƣ۵׷ڣɵĵʣ磬ǲǻʧߣ
ż
赭д³֣·⡣
ҸоǾ, ɫƣرѿԼվӿ
ѿ֣޵̫Ѩһ¡
ڹҳ󣿡
Ȼˡ
Ǹ˼Ҫĳ඼ܽгϻкÿ
ššüģ˵Ǳƹһʱ䣬á
㶼ƹƾˣ˵ء
ڹǶʱʧͦģعͺöˡ
˵ʵڹΪѹ̫󣬻عΪദࡣ
Ǻܵ壬ԥ컹˵Ժ԰ҩˡ
֪Ϊã޻Цһ˵ˣ֪ĸˡ
⻰ƶʱСһ졣
æͷ˴⣬˼ˡ

޿̳ƲҲֻͣ³
˽̳һ㣬ӳǸ鱦רÿλ㶼þƯǻȽЦӭÿһλ˿͡
ϲô
ô˵Ʋ㵵۾
ұģ
ҿ۹Ρ
Ҫ
Ƶתת飬ȥĳרǰ
ѲӰ죬һûУΪЩοǧƪһɡ
˸רֿ˰죬ûзӱĿʽ
֣ڵгôͬʻء
ֹţԵ˵ϣóһҪЧ˵ơ
ЧµĻ᲻᲻гܰ
Ϊܶʦ⣬ԲŻгͬʷġ
ҲҶģһƷȴܻӭ˵ǸܴĴ
ô˵šüŶʮ꣬ǣδʲôϢ
ҡ
Ʊ˵޻˵ˣŵרŸ˼𣿡
Ȼǡ
ҡͷӿڴóŵӰƱһͻҵģ˼ӡ
ʵרȥġ
ƺܲ죬ȻҪһ𿴵Ӱ
Ȼʶôˣһζû
ӰСʱȥԵ㶫
˵ǰˣæĲ
ȥ¥һҪȥʱû뵽ߵİ俣ԼĹ۸극
޺ƣ俳һ
ղһƳڶЦϵᡣ
ǡ
ûһקסƵĸ첲ȥˡ
俵˵ıӰ͸¶ʡ
žóֻ˸绰
ι̡
һ俱غ
ʲô¶𣿡
ʰûʱ䣬Լȸ谡
ԼңȻˡ
㻹ǺϲģϾǰֵô󷽵塣
ɡ
俺Լʱ͵ص㣬ȵڶ죬׼ʱˡ
̣Ҹ˿˵¿źÿˡ
俽һóݸ㡣
򿪿һۣġ
ѴӹģŰӦûϲ
ҵȻϲˡ΢Цţˡ
죬˵һеûģͻȻװἰҵһԷ޺ˡ
û𣿡
ҶҪˡ˵ţװʧ̾˿ҾϲңҲˡ
ôأüο޺ǻ죬Ƕദദͺˡ
俼װǿһЦҸоͶǸãŮĶ벻ۡ
Ȼᵽƣһʼûͷ˵ȷǸá
ʵ֮ǰƣʱ˵Ǿ޵ŮأҶˣϾദͦܵġ
˵ģ
оܾ棬Ϊӡһֱܹɣⲻ¶
俵ͷ˵ãƾһҲûʲôģ˻ġ
ΪԼô˵㷴û뵽˵ȴǡ
ƵʱǵȷдԺ޸ĸӣǽʹùϵˣҲûпȥš
ţɫ˲佩ˡ
ԭ״ģΪΪΥ£ȴȻĴ㡣
֪жôڣ֪Ͳ˵ˡ
ʵϣҲǵ͹ˣһ̫̫ܿ͸ǵСžţ
ԭ㻹ͦϲ俣ղһò̲סʧˡ
ҺȻ뵽˿кܶ࣬㻹ûȥԼɡ
ͻȻô˵ðɫ˲ýӲˡ
̣ǲ˵ʲôǵˣҡҲǹġ
ҡҡͷûУǰ̫̾ˡ
ֲɵˣôҽڡ
ɰյüΪԼ˵еڡ

صԺԽĥ俵ĻԽòԾ
˽ԼҶӵԸ񣬴СקòУ˭ԸԴǼң˸һˣ۸ãԼˡ
ĥ죬޻ؼһʣǸеƤҲò˼
޽ӵĵ绰ͻȻҪؼҳԷֲԤС
ƽʱͻȻ϶û¡
ȻҪǲܾģͻ˼ҡ
óһԵĲˣԻ˵ÿ칤ˣҪһ
޼ֵôȰԤиǿˡ
裬ʲôֱ˵ɣȦˡ
оëëġ
㣬ʲôʱҶ󡣡
綼ûŮѣôܴң
㣬㲻֪ǰ˵ƫ𣿡
ͷ۵ذ˰̫Ѩ治ϣ黹ƫġ
ҲȷʵСˣҪȻͰ˵ɡ

⻰ϳԻ顣
үү趼
ư𣿡
ôޣԴ̽ķӦ
ҪȥˣԸԸһ𡣡
üûġȦס
Сӹİϲŭȫɫ
˵¶ģ
ȻǣҾ㡣˵ţЩˣҪһлؼҳԷ
ţ۵һ˿ӵĹ⡣
Ҫ˻᲻

ڶͼ˸˼ڣȻּ
ĵ㣬ӵĵ绰ȥԷ
ƻ˸á֣žͻ·׼ȥˡ
ٳǰյ޷΢ţǲҪؼҳԷ
̻ظ
ǣҲ˵ˣ
ûлΪҲ׼Ҫȥˡ

ƺͬʱģӳ⳵ĳպþ
ͣסƴڡ
ʶͷһ˲䣬Ǹ߸ߵ
绨Ц޵ۣһ
ʻĳȥû°
ûС
˵ţ·档
ӿҵıͣסȴӳˡ
ôһģ
պ߳ƴ޵ĳֵһ䡣
Ŵ磬Ҵˡ
Ŷ
ȻصͷޣԹôˣ
һˮңͦãصТ˼ҡ
뵽裬ʵѵð
пţ¶ŲЦ⡣
ȷˣӾǶ˼ôصعһأɲôĵ¶
һ˿˵ȻҲҪ
ԭ˶
°ͣ²̽
˵ܲٲܲٵž͵ˣ޺ƣüҡ
Ҳˣ
ţе÷ţ档
޻л˵
һۣڵ٩
ȻûҲˣƿƻкƣ˵ȻԷʱȡ
ݣƵҺһЦŶ˵
Ƶͷû˵ʲô޾Ϳˣ裬ҲѧãȾơ
ƶôˣȵƻôˣοǺơ
ǣôȵ˼뻹أȻһͨ
üоԼ˵ʲôԲ˵ˡ
ˣˡ
ܼҹ֪ͨһ˷׷ȥˡ
Ȼƿƣֱ軹Ƶϡ
ʵͦһԼģŮӻȾҲʲô¡
ƣһ
ЦŶƾ߽ű
Ժ£һСڡ
ڵĸомܴ̼Ҳˬ
̲סڣһԱ߾и𣬡ٺȵ㡣
Ʋ㱻Ǻˡ
֣ôôȾƣ
þû֯ͥλˣգȥտô
Ȼ顣
Ƶһ˵ãʴܴܲһ
Цʹ紴һ»ᡣ
Ȼԡ
õͬ⣬ƽž͸ЦϢˣһܿġ
ȻЦһҪȥ棬˷ˣƷ˺ü׵ıл
Ƶͷֻ̲סЦ
Ǻϲ簡
۽ƵЦﷸֹڸ˭죿
ߵͳɣһ졣˵꣬ƣƣȥɡ
ȥɣ˳·
ֱӸ˹
趼˼ˣҲûҪǰˡ
Ȼ޵ĳˣæĳɣ㷽Ļȥ𣿡
ϴλ
š
̲סʧЦСѾͷû´ǵ뷨
ԾƣĸѰŮ𣿡
ǵġƵ˵ͷʣҵǸǧЦʶ𣿡
ͦϤģӦü
ϸ룬ͻȻȻˡ
ˣǲ۾ܴԸܿʣ
ǵġ
Ȼص˵ͷ˵˼ҺúദʱҪ㡣
ǳЦãĵİ

ƺƣоԼԴκģʱûʲô˭֪Ƶĺô㡣
ΪҪûȾƣһֱڰԼ̫Ѩ䳰ȷ˵˾䣬ܰɣͷ˰ɡ
ȾƾͽгôҲȣһ䣬˾Ƣˡ
еģһ𣿡
޵һۣžͳ뿪ˡ
ƸоקСƵģоûӣſ
޻ͷһۣѾͷƽʱ˵ôСȴôѵǺˣ

˳Ժƿۺðȫȴͷһת⣬ƺڹһ
ޱЦˣȥϵȫû
˭֪˳һץס֣ͷݺݵҧһڡ
ۡ
޵һֺЦؿƣҧҸ
˭ôס
һֱ׳ӡ
Ǿ޹ϵȫôˣ
˼ֱ
ôԺȾˣû
־һ£ΪʼշĲ¡
ʶԣһˣʲôô죿
ûĻ㷴ӦûС
ε̾˿濪ˡ
һ·ϣƶܰڳ˯ˡ
Ⱥ̵Ƶʱ޲Ŀȥ۾ô񾲰꣬ҲһͿ
̲ס֣ͷȴ񲻸Ƶģֱÿ˼
޵ϸֳһĨεЦ⣬ںȴݡ
ƼҵС⣬ͣסԺѣɿ˯ô죬᲻á
֣ȥ
̵ĽëڰͶεӰǶڲ
ϲôôɰ
Ŀֱƣȫ֪Լ˿ϸֵǶôЦ

25

ͻȻ, Ƶķ۴΢£ƺʲô޵Ŀ䵽Ĵ, ¹
֪ԼͶ, ͱ˵, ôɰ, ̲סͷȥ
޷ʱ, ͵۾, Ϊ, ĿЩɢ
ǰˣ˼ƴ, һ硱Ӻѿڶˡ
⽿һ˲йɵͷ鵽˽ţ˶¡
ʼûȣǸϽصʻ˴, 紵˽
𣿡
û̫, ֪Լոڻؼҵ·ϡ
, һ, ԼСſڡ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
ֹޣ˯ˣôң
ŴûĬĬȥˡ
ƿľٶʮֲ죬
ˣҲۿ, ܷģ
ô˵Цһ¡
ӳȥסĸ첲ֻСèһĸ첲Ͳ䡣
磬á
޵ӹһĨȻɫָͷƣʣڲ˵۸ˣ
㰮۸ҺͶҺֲìܣǾڶ档
üСѾͷûͦס
ˣؼϢ
˵꣬һסĸ첲
˭֪ƾȻ磬Һ۰ܱܲң
Ȼǡ׳˵⻰ҪǷѵʱô˵
㰡
ϳЦؿơ
ЦݣƸоԼëëġ
ǵҲǲԣøҸҾͱ㡣

Ƹо⻰еŤüͷ˵Ҳ
˭˵ģղŲͦõô
ҡ
εòУ˭֪ղǳӷ硣
ûΪͷŶȥɡ
ҪҰ
ղͻһʣû뵽ˡ
ϻ
ƿĺ󱳣ԥԥſıϡ
ȵǰߡ
·ƵĹâ˵ʹһĻܰ
磬ǲǺذ
Ƶĸ첲ȦϣСʡ
ء
ƶĻشе⣬Ϊ˵һء


ȭͷȻµһ˲ˣĬĬ˻ȥ
޾ܿ˿̵ӣҲжô
棬Ҷġ
ܰ
˵˸Ƿֹš
˯ұ㣬ֲˡ
仰ݸһЦƯ¶ж
磬ûи˵
ʲô
㣬Ⱳˡ
⧲⻰޵඼ݺݲ¡
ǸóɿˣҲһɻô˵ڡ
ʵҲ
ˣԴͷƵĲ֧ͣŲס۾
ϵϢоԼ̤ʵ
޸о˯ˣСèƵſɹһЦ
ʵޱȵɣо̫ˣͲֵ㡣
ֻǣû뵽ǣСںܿӿһȵĸоԭӽĺ󱳣ͣزĦƴŵһܹȫ
׻ǵ͹ԼĿŮܰҹ粻ͣشܽıǻƻò񾭡
ĻعͷʹļϣǷ۵Ĵߡ
ûһ˶ԼİŮǲģžһȥĳ嶯Ǹô
Ȼƽʱ޳ܣȴҲǲ˾ӡ
ֻŬѹͷǹ궯
ѹֵĸоܣϣ·̿ٳһ㣬Ҫôͽϧһߵ¥ſڡ
ǻƵĵƹ⣬޵ĵӿ˲ᡣ
ϣؼҡ
ǰŬԼĸ飬䷢չĲɿˡ
ƣغһȴûӦ
ǰߣСתһȦŻ
Ժ̧ͷо˺þãɴ㵵ʣôŵ
ûش˸⣬ƣϲʲô
ϲϽĳ˧Һõġ
Ļشʮس˳
ǡһ㣬;õֱӰ񶨳ˡ
Ҫô࣬㵥ҧЩ˵
Լ̷ҵΪҲҺ׷ҵɶˡ
𣿡Цų˳ж٣
׷Ů١
ô˵̲ס
ǵԽԽ˰
һ˵ʵ
޼С飬־úЦ
¥ڷԼȥɡ
˵ͷ͵ô
ƻ˵һŤͷȥˣԼߡ
ô޵۵貵Ц⡣

ûת˻֡
һ뵽ܼͳڴ

㣬ӵĴߴ׼ʱ۾
˸Ƿ𴲡
ںܶŮ˵Ҫһǡ
Ҫʲô·
ƴ³óһƺɫĳȹžϱ˱ȣüͷҡҡԴ
вУɫ̫ˣϸһ
ţֻ˼ɫģʽǳС£νǡװ
ʹɡ
Ƹȷã΢Ž˺üֻһ̲סЦ
Цž˺üȫո˹һȽϺÿ
û뵽ôŵ˾ȻҲš
ɫİɣĵȽСŮ
ȷôо裿
㿴Ҹ˽ֲǸﻹҪأ̯.jpg
ѽ˼һΪ̫Ǿʹɫİɣ
һʱ䲻˲ŸϽæȥˡ
ƸմԼյ޵Ϣ˵ѾСſˡ
ϳȥ
ƸҴߵǰ
صѡһɫĿں죬ȹӡ
Ϊµͣȹ洩˼ɫĳ¡
ȥСſڣվڳԵһĻƾʶϸһ£Դع춼
ͻȻ̲סȥ룬ĺǵ
˳ԺûгԷ˵ʱôʱ԰
ͣԼá
޳ʾһۡ
ƿһͺУ򿪺һΣһƿţ̣ΪͺǱµģԻȵġ
ܵ˭޸Ҹˡ
̽Ե˵˾䣬ԡ
޹𴽣ü޸һҸ
ƵĿ£ش𣺡Ȼ
˵ùΥĵġ
˵ʵô
ĿţûнʲôרĳΡ
ȳʣĶģζܲ
Լġ
˵ʮ赭д
Ӵ
ŲؿһۣԽԽһˡ
ﲻһ
޵ת̣˸䡣
˷չ
ǡ
ô˵һЦ
ΪʲôҪôãõ
ϸ۲һԴ˵̬Ⱦͻֻ֣ᷢһôá
·Сʱ޴ƣȥЦȻԼһˣԳˡ
޺ȵģͣ·ߣһ˳
ϲˣΪޱ޼ʵĺһͷŵĸо
ҪҪȥգ
ѯơ
ðģ
Ȼʷϻ
ƲƲ죬ĺÿ㡣
˵ͷɱȥˣ޿溣ĳҲ
óֻȶıӰһţŶƬ޲ǻ
ʱܰҲһ壬ݰͰ͵߸Ƶģڣ˲٣Ҳͤͤˡ
ɳ̲ϣվú̧У޹ա
޸˼ţȻиеľֱӽֻźա
ǸеĿƣӶֱˡ
ǣŮѳƯ
޺صͷ֪ҵġ
ڨڨȻһЦֲ
߹ȥһѽ§
ٶһ㵵Ťͷ۾˾š
һĻպñǸץöסˡ
˺üţ߹ȥûֻ˵лл
Ƭۣ˵վԱ߻䡣
ҿյô
ƴչͷȥƣ˭֪ҲʱתͷĴһӴϲ˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬˵嶼Ӳˡ
㶵ؿޣζûӦ
޴ʱҲǺΣҪνͲǹģ
˶˲֪ãȻһϤ𣺡ƣ
һתͷ绹ŷų
ôҲˣ
ŷųúãȻĹϵҲΪǴСһ𳤴ġ
ȻǵԼһˣصؽҪǿǵŷųķϻ࣬ߵĶ䳡
ŷųرس嵽ƵǰŵƵգգ۾˵ҿΪģңҲŲ
һ飬¡
ǰô֪ôģ
ܲ˵üһƿ
⵽޵ŷųҲֲΪġ
ƣҴտܣҽô
á
ڨЦŴӦ
ôһˬ
ǰûã˽СơôôӦôܣ
ŷųͷüʾ
ƫҪУôܵôס̫ƽ󰡣
ʱЦҲˡ
Ц쾫Ĵһҷǰȫͬ
µĺʽױ˫βŰɫȹȼף˼ͬǴɫСף²˫ɫԲͷСƤЬһװȻĵŮ
ŷųӶֱˡ
ȻǾޣǸе𾪡
һ˵ķôܱ仯֮ҪŮǲЦ˫̥ˡ
Цŷųһ˲䣬Цʧǡ
⵹θڵļһô
ŷųĿЦϺ󣬡ꡱһЦ˳
Цʲô
Ц߳ŭص֪Ц϶⡣
˵㵱ҪǴôŮҲְ
Цû뵽Ȼ˵õֻ
˵˵ʲôأ
ɣ¶ˣȻŮҲڸǲҰıԡ
ŷųô˵ü
ЦҲҪעִɡ
ˣ˵ˡ
֪ЦŭԭǵĻҲڷôĻ
ŷųŬŬ죬һֱ׳ģƵϣҾͲ˵ˡ
ˡ
Ц˾䣬˭ϸպƮĶ

26

֮ǰӴЩŮ˶, ŷûЦֱʵġ
ŷų˵Ұô, ʵܱȽҪðɡ
һҴ, ȥСһ档
ʱؿڡ
ЦĿίؿ, ŷųЩӰ
Ҳпܲȥ, Ϊֲ
˰Ѵ, ƻΪһС, û뵽Ȼһִ, ֱӰˡ
Ȼŷų˴Цϡ
̨̤׺, һֻ֡
Ʋؿ˵Сĵ㣬ˤˡ
Ŷ
͵͵ӦС֣ݵ
Цղžóֻ, ˵һʱ, ɿ찴˿š
Ů, ̺, żƵġ
Ƭգȴһͳ
͵ʲô˼
Цʱ⡱һ£±¶Ƶܣֻ˵ǿǱߵķ羰û
һۿѣҲûƣ˵ͷ羰ȷʵ
ţЦЩʼ硣
ôо⻰һ˫صζأ
ʱҲһ, ЦһԣȻҫƵ˵ҸղغÿΨƬһϲ
ʲôƸоġ
Ƭ˵϶ֵǮ
ҿһۻҪǮɡ
Ц÷˸ۣô
ϻ˵ֱӰƬ򿪸ƿһۣƿ۶ʱŹˡ
Ҫóɱֽ
úôлҰɡ
Цļ
һڣ˰ɣ
֪ںһֱ͵͵עߣЦһڣ޵ͫȻˡ
ôȥأòʲôĹϵɣ
Զ޷Ů֮Щܵľٶǣ֣ôôգŮⶼǺ飬ȥԵʮֹˡ
ЦƬƣһŤͷ޾ȻڿߣܲԾڡ
ôˣЦ˼⡣

ִںƽʻţװϣԶ
ϲĸоԼĶŷŷˡ
Сĵ㣬ȥˡ
ŷųں߼˵˾䡣
ƻعͷܱܲѻ죿
Ǻ㡣
ŷųоˣûе
֪ƺЦĸôãЦҲ͵ڵˡ
ʱһֺֻȻ֣סŷų죬
ŷų㵵ۣޡ
ﰡ
ҪɧáԵصһۡ
ŷųЦùô㲻ÿذɣ
˲Ĭˡ
ʱ˵ϻʹ顣
Ȼŷų񾭱Ƚϴʶһ㡣

ִСŷųյƵԱߣҪһȥ䡣
ʮֽ뵽ղųЦЦЩɵü
ҺЦЦһеࡣ
˵ֱӣҲӡ
κŷųƤ񣬸ͲӰ죬Ц˵ûϵǵģҵεĻʹ߾С

Цһ䣬ҲԱߡ
˭һ䣬ͳԣǰֱ˹ȥ
Цɰյüǳ׻ˡ
ϵķ羰Ưֲֲиָͷ׵ĻΧε󺣵İΧ£ԵʮΨ
ŮֻͣգԼ
ǶƣɫرΡ
Ҳ֪Щʲôĵġ
ȻƼһɿ죬Եس˹ȥ
ôˣ
ҡҼֻӡ
սս˵ܵŵ顣
֪³ӣͷһƣļϻֻư档
һֻСô
ָһӾͲ֪ȥĶˡ
ƿûˣųһ
޼ŵöͷ϶ðˣЦۡ
ʹΪʲôô³ӣƸΪСסƾ©ĳʪĻгӣķ価ܴɨúܸɾɴ컹ǻгʱ˯žͻȻоԼģһܴһֻӡ
ʱľ˺صӰ
뵽;úˣ̲סͷ
ƵСһоıЩ
³ͣղִǣ֣ͷ
òᡭ
ʶһܣһ˲Ŵˡ
СѾͷϱĪ飬޺ܺʲô
Ҫʱȴ˵㡭Զ㡣
ţ
ǣҵ˼Ҫ侲侲
ƷԼЩ궯ˡ
һ뵽Ǹܣ͸оԼĴԿհףѪҺڵ
侲ʲô޲ʡ
̫ˡ
ë13ȡ
ƹȥסЦ֣׼һġ
ʮָ۵֣üˡ
ǵĹ۹ϵ
Ȼʼˡ
ѵϲһþ
ưѽ췢ļ¶Ц˵һ飬Ц󣬼һİơ
ʵղҾ˵ˣ˼
Ϊʲôֱ˵أúְ
Ҳ̽˼
ЦתתסƵ֣ĳؽסǧҪסԽʱԽҪ侲˭ȼֲס
˵ľͺϲǰ϶¶һ˭֪ôġ
Ҳò׼⣬ŲóȻжɡЦţοƣļһôһġ
˼صͷ⿴ޣһã״̬
ҪһĻ˵Ըʺ
ˡ
Цǰ˻֣
ҿһĲɵģ㻹ȥɡ
أ
ҵȻȥ簡
Ʊʾɵüôô
һҴ粻أͲ£
ôʿ𣿡
Ҳǡ
˼صͷɲ
ȥЦƻ˻ָ
ƿıӰԶͣ˴ǰ
ʱͦĽЦѵģôϾСĻͬһֱʳǣȻҲϰߡ
ͻȻͷϱ˵£ʶȥ޲֪ںʱߵԱߡ
磿ʶ
΢΢ף˵ߣҴȥ̽ա
˺оܾ棬̽ʲôأ
סʣĬĬ󣬷Ƭ
СȥһƬɫֻ沢û˸ҽȥΪģ֪ʲôδ֪Σա
ƲޣȻﻹǽŵСġ
磬ֵطﰡ
Ż㰡߿ɶǳӡ

ƵıʱСһƬҰס
Ϊˣû뵽Ǹǰһ
ҲˣҪȥˣᡣ
ö˶ţ˵Ҫת
ȴһ߬סĸ첲Ҷġ
СѾͷԽƢҲԽˣЦʱͼˡ
Ҵ
֪ˡ
޻Ūء
ҵҪڸʲô
˼ǰߣͻȻƵǰһƬŨŨİһоԼʲôɾ
ԥضסŲټǰˣ޻ͷһۣʲô
ԼһСľͽһ磬Խ˿ô죿
ŮԶһ˲ˡ
޼ĥĥģȥһסĸ첲קߡ
֮߳ӳһͯɾһ磬ľǸɫ޵ĻһİһӵεɫĺһµСľݣΧ˷ɫǾޱоֻй
أôģҲĴԽ˰ɣ
Ƹоʮֵò˼顣
޿еľϲ֪Եطˡ
һǵǰر𰮿ʿĶ㿴ߵĳ
񣡡صصͷźôҵõֵطģ
ʼ磬ⲻ
ʵ֮ǰҲ֪˯ǰֻʲôĵطͿƼ˵ǺܶӰӾȡأٻ֪߽ȥ
ҿԽȥǸСӿ𣿡
ƻعͷޣѯ
û˵߹ȥ
Ĳƿľš
װ޵Ҳʮζͬߵλãֹɫĸо
磬ûоסԴһĵطҲͦõģ
ƴΧ
ϲסĵط
ţҾںһСӣС԰ֻֻèǸоĺܰ
ס׵÷ʪ
ܲôƻ⾳
Ƹշ˸ۣ˵żȥסͦõģ͵ȼٷˡ
ţҲϾҪסĵط̫ƫ鷳ġ
޵۵Ц⣬ΪȻи뷨ð
ҲδĻ鷿ͿԽںߣŪ԰ϸָϡֲٸŪһֻè
뵽ƣϲʲôƷֵĹè
ĻϲĦҮèĻϲè
èΪ𣿡
ǺǣڸЦ

27

Сһ, Էʱֻȥ˺ߡ
յͷ϶ʺŪտ, ǱȥһҺʲԷ
ʱ, ŷųɿƵԱ, ֱӰ޸ˡ
ƵһѾЦ, û취, ֻŷųԱߡ
ô
޵۵һ˿, ŷųԼĸ첲, ֹյ¶ȿǲ̫ˡ
Ůͺãʲô
رʿؿڵ
ǾͲˡЦգգ, ڷŵ硣
ЩȻرߣŮ޷мܡ
֮󣬴죬Ϻһͨ٩
ͻȻ, ŷųһ, Ļðô
Ц, ˸, ʲôˣ˭
㲻˳ŷųȻü治棿
ν
Ȼ⼸εľΪʲô棿
ŷųֱλѯǵ
޸°ͣﲻ֪ʲôҲûԡ
Ǿ֡
ŷųֻŵмλ, ָֻ˭˭
˵ʼתֻתȦ󻺻ָͣ
磬ĻǴðգ
Ļɡ
ŷų¶Цֱ˵ǰŮ𣿡
ûС
ش쳣ϣԥ
Ц˲ȥĵв״ʧӿ
ŷųû뵽ܴôɴ࣬˵һѶȶûС
תֻһָơ
⣡
ĵײҽһֲԤС
ŷųƣָϳ˻Ц
ãѡĻǴðհ
ðհɡ
ƶĻΪ뵱ô˵汩¶Լܡ
ŷųüңȥޣ˵ʲôðգ
һơ
ŷų
Ҿ𣿡Ц̱ʾͬ
ƿŷųһ
Բˣ硣
𡣡ŷųæ֣ڨЦһ˵ҪȻѡĻɣұ֤Ϊ㡣
ȷ
š
ŷųصͷ磬ȽϹʸɡ
ЦЦƣλûͣ
ʵʮίҲֱ̫ӡ
ͦΪѵģʵǴͣΪСȱûܹͥůϲĴƫƫϲޣԵǿơ
ԥţƻڳһȦ߶ϡ
ҵ͡
˵ʵûѡ
ȷʵûϵʶһۣȻɫܲÿ
˰ɡ
մı׼ңҪһˡȻһ䡣
˵˾䰲ο޵ĻҲܲԸеԵ涼Һöˡ
һھƣǿ´̫ǫˡ
ͻȻЩˣŷųһǼɣһˡ
ˣ˶Ҫˡ
ֹȥоҪļˡ
ΪѾڵòٺˡ
ŷųŬŬ죬һޣġ
ղô˵簡
ЦϺСơ
ƹŲô㻹Ҹ
ҡЦ£õϺ㶼
޵ĸ飬ġ
Ц޵ķ͵һۣͷֻҲԷ
ôоܲõӣ
üΪղ˵ͣǵ
ƣ㿴רŸϺ
ŷųһϺŵƵǰƵĶ˵
Ʋһ£æܾ
Լͺˡ
Ҷ⡣
ЦţЦϺȤԼְ㶼˻ʲô˼
ҿǳԲ˵ᣬû˸㼱ġ
ҡ
Цҭˣ˵˸ҰԸԡ
ģҲܸ
һԲƼм䣬оԼĶ
ͻȻһͳ𣬡Ұģ㡣
Ц£ʶڸ˵
ҲһϺƵǰ
ΪŷųղųЦЦû˸Ϻľٶ
ЦܸжҪۿˡ
ȻûϲˣǸʿˡ
лл
¶ߵ˵˾䣬ӼһϺʷŽ
ŷųԱ˾䣬ڲܳϺȤ𣿡
Ц
ôûôˡ

緹һȥ˽˺Ӿ
ߵĺʮ峺ȥεպޱ޼ʵĺ󼸺һƬмֻŸɵİ衣
һʿо˲泩ࡣ
ȥӾ㣬˺ߣȻȽһǵģпãƽʱû¹ɡ
һɡ
޵˵ţȴ顣
ŷųмЦôʲôãûŮѡ

޸磬㲻ỹǸͯӰɣĺûãǷ־ò

ôûеĻ޾̲ס
ʲôʱ򿪻簡ŷųüûƤû˾䡣
޻һԼЦҿˡ
ŷųƲϽԶˡ
ȻĻ϶Ҫһᡣ
һǲǽ¶ôʲô
޸磬ףˡ
ŷųܻ˵˾䣬ﾡȡЦ
ЦȻϽŷųȹȥӾлҪ˵
ҲºӾȥˡ
磬ʲôҪ˵
ղ˵ͣɱȥ
ҡ
ſȴ֪˵ʲôѵôˡ
Ȼƽʱʲô¶ܿúͨ͸
˵ͻôˣֲܴʲô
޿ôмЦˡ
˿ķһŮ
µͱװˣǵ˼һܿ𣿡
һֱûƣ޻Ǳװ̲סˡ
ʲô˼
װƲƲ죬Ʊ׷ˣźڡ
⻰ĬˣҲ㡣
ȻҺ㣬ܿóϲҡڵ
㲻˵Ҳ֪㶼ˡ
䲻ܳΪɣ㻹л᣿
ޱʵƿԡ
Щ꣬˰ֱʾˣºӾȥˡ
ıӰ룬ôɱϵһˣôڸôԥأ
ܾΪ̫ںˣԲźһСľͻʧȥ

ЦһȥѡӾ£ЦԸܿţѡһɫֿʽģǺɫĨأǺɫ̿㣬¶ԸеС
Ʋ˼ô¶ѡһܱصʽӾ£ۺɫģƤֿɰ
ɫˣΪƤ𪣬ϸʺϣһ˫˳ʮֱֱʮ㡣
Цѡֵģô˼
оܺЦʮһ˻ôߡ
ƱŸӾȦЦһߵ̲ϣǼѾºˡ
ŷųƣشڡ
Ǿˡ
ĸп
Ҫ
Ц²һҪº
ƵӾã˸ӾȦ
޸ղһŤͷޣŨŨĴĵӿ
ĽСƤ׵ҫۣ͸Щۣ˿ˮƵġ
޺§
ûע⵽עӵĿ⣬Ϊ˿̺ܽţϾдô¶ʱǰѧӾҲڣһ
Ц˺Ȼ֣ӾȦķΡ
õԭžͱˣķ򣬺ֿʼȥˡ
޿ЦΣһУסӣǱ˺
ǰΣȻоʲôסĽףɰŻˡ
Եصȣһƺߡ
ţ
ƲüһԴӺð˳
һӳؼһˡ
˳ؼ¿ǽʵ鸹һԸе߻ˮ飬¡
磿
ʶʶղӦǱס˽ס
˦˦ʪĺڷü˵֪֪
˭֪㰡һʲôֵĶ
ġ
౻ߵ÷ıӣԹ˵
ڨЦ£Ͳ°Ҹŵ
ôС𣿡
˵꣬ҪӾȦſΣԱ߿š
УҺ¡
ʶץסĸ첲
С˰Ƶģ̲סЦ
Աߣʲô
ҿɲ㣬һŰ취۸أɵı顣
ΣСʱ۸̫ˣӰˡ
Ҿô𣿡
ôʣһ˲Ĭˡ
ơ
ŷųʱ˹
޻ûһѽ˺
˹ˡ
ŷų˺üںˮŷſ
ȿȿȡ
Ǻòᣬ۾ˡ
ﰡ
ŷųصޣһί顣
ЦţִӺȥݺݵص֮䡣
ҿ㡭㡭
ŷų۵˵ϻ
ΪһˣȻһʹ˲˵ֶΡ
Ӧúĵطһ¶Ҫ
Ƽŷųôʹ࣬ôˡ

ǰȥˡ
ƿֻǽڷ֣鲻Խ
Ȼ뵽һʣ
ϲ㣬ҵ
׸ĸͽСϲ㡷
Ĵ£εر죬һֻƵˮˣֻϵӾȦٻж
֪εرãֻûţ͵͵ذӾȦˡ
ͻȻһ¾࣬ͷһɵˣӾȦۿɼٶС
ʲôӾȦôô󡣡
̲ס²һ䣬ӾȦʾĺ޹


28

Ƶ², ͵͵Цˡ
۽ƳЦݣ˲䷴Ӧʣ, ǲɵģ
ü, ÷
Ҳǰһ, һҵȥأ
, ôܻ¡
ǵ˵, ȴᶨ
Ʊ仰ɱ, һĨΡ
ްûӾȦƲ, һҿ
ҡҡͷҪ
ֱˮǺζ
, ε첲Ҹ´Ȼץסġ
ٶһ˲ӣȻˮģȴܵŵĻ, ǽĺϡ
ƽŵࡰ, , ôᵱŴ˵, ѵͲʲô
Ÿΰ
׵òеƵı
ø첲ͱţȻ˳ǰһš
޿ƮƮĶЦŹ˴
СѾͷͦġ
ſ˫ۣǰ
ʵ֤̫ԼʵӾĿԡ
չҫ۵ӿֳԼδЦ⡣
˵޶Ƶĸǲǲ̫
ŷųԶԶˣѯȻ
Ȼһǰ, ſ
ʲôʱԾأдһ˫߸Ь˵ԺҪѧŴԼ˵˾䣬ôƯ
޵˴Ͳˬƺ̫ãΪÿƶظ˵һ䡰лл磬áĻԺܡ
һȦ󣬸оԼûˣǾͻص˺̲ϡ
ϵˮ飬ȥ̫ţӺһԡϡ
ƴ㵵ؿޣҲûκνֱͣԱˡ
ľٶƵֳ︡һ󵨵Ĳ룬ǲô¶Դװ
뵽ƾ̽һԡÿ˵ôȵôĶﰡ𣿡
޹Ȼ˹͵һۣıѿ
װûʣ磬˵ǲǸѧſһ㣬սһ±Ȼ᣿
ҿʿᡣ
ޱ˵ˡ
˵ʿṫ𣿡գգۣû뵽ôƯ
ƤôͻȻôˣ
ƼɫԽԽѿֽʣ磬ĶôãǲŮעⰡ
ûôǳ
޻ûô࣬ľǰý
뵽ŷų˵ǻҲúܿôʲôãûҲû
˵̲סЦ
ĪЦɴ㵵ʣЦʲô
Ǹоͦɰġ
ɰ
һ
ƣȥǱ߹ɣ
ЦҲ˰ȥסƵĸ첲
޷ԼԽ̬ˣŮϵôãҲóԴס

ϣں֧տܣ׼տ
ʳĹָĺʻ⡢ȡ
޵տãվмλã⴮ѶȴĶ
ƺЦһԾ͸ԣԶԶޣ̲ס˻գÿһôˮš
ѹ˵Ҳᵽָоˡ
ƿſţǾ鲻ԽЦп˵ôô㰡оͨ
ЦܲģüȻôϲͱװ
ұܾô죿
װӦǽԴϲӦ˵Լˡ
һЦļ
취аô˵

ֻ֤һ˵ˡ
Цʱ򣬻ԶԶעһǱ߸ˢͣ͵˹ȥ
ǸҸæɡ
̧ܾˣôһҪ
Ȼ֪ҽڹ졣
Ҳͦ۵ģȥŰɡ
ֱӸˡ
ЦȻصͷ񱻴Ƶ򣬴ͷɥػȥˡ
ƼƣͲ϶һӻҡ
ȸ֭ɡݸһƿ
Ц˿ڣ漴̾ϲһûܵˣоܰ
˭˵ûܣʯͷҲбȵһ졣
Ȼôȥף
ƴˡ
˶Ȱ˵ʱͷͷǵֵԼϣãˡ
޿һֱ̺Ӷ˵Ƶǰȳԡ
ЦŲسգգۣ˵ֵùˣ¸ϰɡ
Ƹоܲ˼˿˵԰
Ůʿȡ
Ȼʼ磬һƿơȡ
ƿæ˵磬һƿ
޸ת仰һüͷԵ㲻׼ȡ
Ҿͺһƿ
ûˣȾƻôˣҲ̫ܵˡȻһض˵
ƽ˵˾䣬ǣֲȡ
ޱ˶ȰҲ˵ˡ
Ƽȥˣ͵͵ƿơƺȣҪϷװҪ׳
֪һƿơƼ˵ף޺ŷų괮Ѿʼȵڶƿˡ
޿Ƶֱһվƿǰһտƿơƣ˲ˡ
ȥĻ䱾
Ƹһ׼ԣ̧ͷȴޱɽһ
˲䡰⡱£һʱ䲻֪ԼóԻǲóԡ
⼦ҿģ쳢
ŷųʱڵؿڡ
Ʋ÷ӣҧ˿ڵͷţͦóԵġ
ŷų˲ˣҾ֪ҵտˮƽһġ
ĬһƿơƣȻ˹Լһͨ
ôͣЩĵس磬ոȾƱô𣿡
֪
޾ôú壬˲һЩ
͵һ⴮˿ں޲ڵؿޣأ⴮Ҳ̫ó˰ɣҳԹóԵġ
Цš
ô룬ȴ
ֱ֮ǰࡣ
ôúһء
Ȼü˵ˮƽ֮ǰ˲˰
ţмһ
һһ£ֻҪƾúóԾˣרſԵģ˲Ǹմ˸⡣
ʶȾƣͱ޸ˡ
ԵصһۣŵϽ˱ӡ
Цע⵽޿ŵС˵ȵĹܵûϣҪô
ʼ磬ܽ˵ɡ
һֱעǱߡ
ƳעʱŸ͵һھƣԵٿǰƿʱһ롣
ܺãСѾͷԽԽˡ
ΪơƶͣԼƿûϵģ͸оθһ󷭹¡
ȥϴּ䡣
˵֮ʹҴȥˡ
޵˸ɫϽ׷ȥ
ޱ鲻ȻתһƵĲ
·Щҡˣʮεšü
ȾΪʲôԼҲʹ
ǲ⡣
ƽϴּŻһҲû³ʲôθﻹǺܡ
ͷκģ˰Ű̫Ѩϴּ䲻ײһǽ±ӡ
̧ͷƿһģϸһϳޡ
ɵЦ£硱
üÿ֣ʮĮرĳĸ֣ȶˡ
ûаƻҡͷһǿԼûȶࡣ
ûӲҪܡ
ʮεüԼˣ˴߶֪
һȥ
ɷ˵Ҫߣ˭֪һ˦֣˵Լߡ
㵹߰
գһ۾Լʲô¶û
ͻȻһſ첲סޡ
ޱͻӵˣִ֪࣬ҪηӦ
ǿհ׵ģܵƵʡ
ƹɵſؿڣͷë׵һҲ䣬͸СèƵġ
һͷŵüͷĶˡ
ðΣ̧Ĵĺ󱳡
ôˣ
磬ô
ôһûͷûԵ⡣
üû˼ػش𣺡ܺð
ֺãĪļ׷ʡ
ܿɰܻãܹɣܶ¡
ް뵽ݴʶ˵һ顣
ѵҲƯ𣿡̧ͷѯʡ
ޱЦˣǿסЦش𣺡һֱƯ
Ǹ˱أ
Ư
ȻôƯϲϲң
ͻȻʵ⣬һסˡ
֪ô⣬ǳʲôǡ
Ϊʲôشҵ⣿
ƴţߴ
޵ͷ۾طʵΪʲô⣿
һʯ˶ţȻЦ
磬ôôÿкӰ
кӣ
ǳ˳飬омûôݹˡ
ƵıӣҪӱҵ⡣
ƿˣ˯

ôһһأ
εؿղŲǻϲϲ𣿡
ţ㾿ϲϲ
ˣ׵׵ġ
ΪӶҡΡ
޷ӣ۾һһˣϲ㣬ֻϲ㣬ơ

29

һļž, ΢촵Ƶĳ
վҹ£Ŀ, ǰ, ߲ͣػһ䡰ϲ, ֻϲ, ơ
жݵĿհ, ع, ƴ, ղ˵ʲô
ûţ
޺֪˵Ǿ仰Ҫ
ڨЦ, Լ̫ѨһֹҺǺˡ
ôֻأ
޿κģоΡ
һʱס
ȶˣһǴȥɡ
޾̽⣬ư§, Ȼȥ
ƿ, о̤ʵаȫ, Ȼ۾˯ˡ
ϵļ˶ش, ƿ޵ĻЦ۾¶Ų䡣
Ǹ׳ɹ
ҸƵסһɣٻȥ
˵꣬ЦȥƵ꣬ȶˣ鷳æչ¡
ЦǴ㵣ɿصͷ
û, û⡣
ﶼҪˣȶ˻װİ
װģݼҲ̫ˣˡ
ްŮһҾƵ꣬ƽ˷
вϵҡ
á
ؿƣתȥˡ
һȥЦͻ˻ƣ뿴ǲװģôѡ
ҿ˰ɣ
Цӣȷˡ
ηЦҡҡͷпưƣզôأ

ϣʱչ㣬ƾ۾ȴԼһرİĻ
֣Ķ
ƺشΧһ͵ؿԱߵĴһˡ
˱ɫĴɫͷȻһ
˶ƲſЦ̽Եĺ֣ˡ
ЦԺ󣬵һ¾Ǽѯƣ׵ô
գգ۾Ŭ飬ȴֻǵŻ£ȥϴּ䣬ٺ¶ˡ
ҺȶƬˡڨڨȻһЦ
Цس˳ǣЩɸֵ˵ôҪʱ̣Ȼ
ҲȾ׳˭֪һСľͺȶˡ
˵꣬ôھƵꣿ
Ϊˣ޾˵Ƶסһٻȥ
ƵذͷԼôΪҪˡ
Ƶ˵ͷӴȥҽϴּϴˡ
ôôһڰ
ߵϴּſһͷΪʲôҪڣһܻһġ
⾳̫ˣ
ϴ֮Ůȥһ¥ͣû뵽Ѿˣڴߵͷ
磬ôһˣ
ʲôʱǳ̹Ȼ
Ȼ޲šü
˵ʲôιװģ
Ҫȥ˾׼ᣬȻȥˣӦûû𣬷Ҳûϵ
Ҳƣ˵ȥöԡ
ԶЦŶ˵ҿദûȻûʲô°
ܷʲô
ƼƬŽһҾˣϲϲңܲܽܣҶҪס
ЦͻȻô˵ˡ
ôͻȻ¶ˣ
ΪҲȥˣĲϲңҾͷ
Ц˵ú׵ӣףһϲô˵ͷġ
ԺصλϣЦװԼûѡ꣬ȥݡ
˿ޣƿ磬ʮҪˣô

վֻ˵ղ𣿺αȥǿʮꡱ̶ۡ
û˵
ô˵ɡ
㣿޺⣬ôͻȻѪ
ƸϽ˵㿴֮ǰҹôգʮ꣬һǱͯһרŸףﲻʤмһֱһر㡣
˵ôţ޲ɺɵü
ǲʲôĿģ
Ƶʱ⡱һ£ദȻױ
ʲôĿİ
ڨЦƬҧһڣҾǵա
йˣ㡣
ĬĬOS
޵Ĵǣû׷ʲô
Թͺ޾ʹȥˣȰЦ͵ңȻơ
˾ϰʱǾŵ룬ƴؼһһ·žȥޱСſڵ
Ϊһĺƣÿζ³ţԿŵĴүӡ󶼼Ϊ̡
ƻ·Ҵææֻصϡ
ϵðȫ
˵꣬Ż档
Ǹ
ƶҲܺ棬̲סʵҺûж˵ʲô
ķģ

Ƽֱһ¡
ѵ˵˺ܶô˺ü棿
޹۲Ƶı飬뿴ܷܲʲôè塣
飬̽
û˵ʲô
Ҳûƭ˵ģֲ
Щɣģ
Ȼأ˵ʲô
ҡתת飬ֹҲһô
Ŷƽʱûɣ
ֻ׵ʱʱ򲻻ᡣ
˼ϡ

ʱȥ죬޵Ĺ˾һӣʼϤˡ
˾ʱ޾ͽһҪ֮ڱɡ
ƻͼԺֱø޲鿴
޷ɨۣ˵Ҳ鱦ƣרҵʿ
˭
ϴδλʦ˵䣬ֵ˾󽻵ĵһƷҪУҪ֪ãᳰЦǿߺŽġ
ʦʹˣ᲻᲻³Щĵʡ
ţЦһ
ٹһ꣬Ҳʱ
ðɡ
Ʋ֪˵ʲôˣͷԹ޵İš
ʵ´ԥοڵ˾ûپ飬һξ͵Ǹԣܳɹʧܣ̫ȥ
ţס

磬°ЦϢ˵ڳȥ
ǸͬѧۻᣬתѾҵˣеͬѧˡ
ԼھƵſ棬׼һȥƵʱЦû
վǶţͷֻЦϢʲôʱ
ѽⲻ𣿡
ȻһŮ
ʶ̧ͷһŨױĨҲþò
ңʶˣ
λͬѧй˼ѣʱڰϾڼΪ໨Ϊ磬һƬΪܸߣʵŮϲ
һЩͬѧΪƱȽϺÿ⵱˵ƲԶˣŪѿôƶ˳ۣ鷳
ôᣬڸбҵǻ࣬ôأ硣
ƼװڳЦЦŻظ˾䣬ллҾ͵ǿһʮ߰ˡ
˼⻰Ц˲佩ǡ
Ǹ˼
첲ϵưǰһ˦˼ֿʵ㽻𣿡
Ҫ𣿡
Ȼˣ֪۹⾿ΰ
ûС
˼һЦŻ㣬ٲץʱҾͳʣŮˣҪȻѸһ
á
ѾüЦôûһ˼ˡ
ʱһϲ𣬴ƵĶ
ƣ
һӰ嵽ǰ
ñһء
½ƿݵϹõЦݣֱƣ۾ðǡ
ϴ·żƣ־ϲּ˭֪ĸˣֱӰˡ

գһ۾֪˵ʲôá
˼ѿ½ƣϳһĨߡ
ڸеʱҲġ

30

˼ѱ½һ, ЩģҲþòˣôҴк
½ƻͷ, ˼ѵǰ, Ƕġ
λţϸ, ֻ벻, ֻܱǸ˵ҼԲ, û, ʵڲǵ˭ˡ
˼⻰, оܵ˼衣
ҧҧ¶ǿЦ, ûϵ˶£⡣
½ûٴֿƣǽȥɡ
ȽɣһҪҺѡ
Ц԰ɣ½һӾ, ر𽾰ض˵㿴, һҶǵá
˼⻰, Ӿû, һ½ƣŤˡ
ƿ½ƣ㻹ȥ
һȡ
á
ʲôҽȥҲû¡
ƺڸǲİˡ
㻹ǽȥɣԼȾˡ
šüֳõ顣
Ǻܼ, ޿κˡ
Цܿ͵ˣԶԶһվƵǰšü
ǲ½𣿵׷׷ǽһֵȫУ֪
߹ȥЦ̧½Ƶļ򣬡ֵܣûأ
½ƻͷЦӹһĨޡ
ǰÿ˰
Цٺ䣬ŷĸоǰѧУֲܻױͻԼص㣬Ȼȥûôÿ
Ʋһĳ崿ͣѧУʱܻӭѧУֺۣ֪ĻΪʮ߰ĸ
ǽȥɡ
Ʋ½ƶ˵Цߡ
½ƽĲһһƣĶ
ˣˡ
Цֱһ仰·ˡ
½ҭ룬ǲĵ˵ҲûϵģһأҲ⵱̥ġ

»ôˡ
Цĵױֿڣعͷ˵뵱̥˼Ҳϡ
˵˰û㡣½üǲˬؿڡ
Ц޺һЦ˼˵ôֱˡ
½ҭһ£޻˵ˡ
ǰ뵽ͬѧǶ̸ֵ˵ء
ͬѧһƣˡ
ҵüˣôȥʮ߰Ƶģһû䰡
˭˵û䣿ⲻԽԽƯ𣿡
ǣǵУֵһֱߡ
ͬѧһһϵ˵
˼ЩоԼ౻롣
ȻͬѧƣûеĻЩĿҪˡ
Ƥ˼ЦЦ֪ôش
ЦֱЩˣˣǱûˡ
ǣǰͰ͵صƣܿ𣿡
˼˫ֻأмһ
ƵȻһЦҾǶ㣬ʲʺϾ˵ˡ
˲͸ߵˡ
Ц̲סЦûôġ
Ƶֻʱ£óһ޷Ϣ
ż
֪ƽμͬѧۻˣ
ӦþŵҰɡ
ƹŻظҲǳһٷ
ţȥ㡣
䣬Ƶ©һġ
һξȻҪģ֮ǰ˳·ӻؼңֳһԸӡ
أ

ͬѧۻ½ƻȥ
æܾ˵Ҫ½һŵæˣԵټ
ˣԶ˱һ죬ǾеجΡ
Цصݵþˡ
Ƽñӻ죬ôֲ
¼磬ֱ߳˾Ƶ꣬Ȼһۿ޵ĳͣ·ߡ
ƿ첽߹ȥȻȥ
˼ѸպÿһĻܳЦŹ߹һλͬѧ˵û뵽Ҳô䣬Ȼ˰.ˡ
һλ͵ͺͷ壬൱ˡ
ͬѧ⻰üҡ
Ʋ˰ɣ˼һѻأ
ôܻʶôǮѡ˼ƲƲ죬ֵңǮ˶ˣԲŮѵġ
˼⻰ͬѧֻһЦûнӲ硣
ô˼ѶΪʲŹڮƣƾ˼ôƯͳڵʣôͲҵǮأ

˳Ժ󣬱ޣôң
żûоζ˾䣬ܺãûкȾơ
㲻ҺȾƣصعҵİɣһӲµˡ
Ҳûзšһ档
ų쵽ƼҵСʱͻȻ˵ҼͣˣԽҪҴպһ
ԭΪȥҵİ
һ䣬ҼҾһңֻ˯ҵĴˡ
⻰Ȼһ
Цˣһܺһ˯𣿡
£ʶ˵ʲô˲Ҫը
Ǹ˼ҡ˵ȥ˯ɳ˯ҵĴ
ţεس˳ǡ
ղǴԶ·ˣ˼
룬ͣôȥƵأ
ֻ˵˼İɡ
͸˵Ҳ˵װɵ

һӽƵļңװǻϴ·
ɳ˵˯УӦͦ
һæɳһװ˳˯µġ
ûϵˡ
˵꣬ߴȥϴɣϢ
תת飬صԼ䡣
³ʹҳһɵĵ˯ºͶ̿㣬ȻŽԡˡ
ϴȻؿں硣
̱ɳϱۼ£Ե۾
Ƶĵһ룬һĨ
ŷɫС¶Բļͷʪĳɢţĵǰոӷ͸˶һ޹ĸо
Ŀ£һ˫ֱ޳ȣ׵Գ˵ÿж˹ƻϢ
޵ĺ᲻¹һĪĻڴܶ
ӦһܵķӦɡ
ƿ¶޺һĨЦ
磬ϴˡ
˵ת˳Լĳ
صԼƹţŰϣŵࡰֱ
ⱲӶûô󵨵ľٶҲ֪ô
ֻƸЦϢ
ҸղŹˡ
ЦϢΪǴˡ
˵ǸӦòǹɣ
ǣҴԸе˯µǰתһȦ
жԸУĸҿ
ȥǰŸЦȥû뵽⵽ıӡ
ҲܽԸУҵ౩¶أСѧһ
˵⻰֮󣬽Ÿͼȥ
ƬϵŮ˴ŵ˯ȹǰޡӿ˾˴Ѫ
Ա֮£ƷԼСˡ
ˣ㹴ʲôӦ
Цʡ
Ƹղϸע沿飬üҲûʲôرġ
񲢲Ȥ
㻹̫ˣҸ㣬㿴ֵܱܲס
Ե̫𣿡
ֻ֣ҪŮͻᱻѳֲסˣֻ˵ϲ㰡
ƾЦ⻰˵е˳ȥ
ã޲ûȥϴ衣
ɤӣ˵磬ҵֻᣬܲܰҴͷ
ôҲ뵽Լгһջ˵̲滵̨ʡ
£û뵽Ҫ
϶ǲܾģʹصͷĶ
ƺܿѴù˵ɳϴɡ
ôо̫Ծȴ־˵ʲôطԾ
˲ţ˴˼俿úܽżԡ޵øÿ졣
ŬԼרעҪԳ򿪴һΪͷ
պֻܰС졣
޳ָͷÿһζƵһ¡

31

ͻȻ, ַʽòޣĥʵԼ
оԼҪסˣ޲ͷϽ, Ȼȥ˯
ô, Լ, ﻹ˵ġ
ȻҲ, ϲŮԼô, ȴֻܿŲ
һͷ, ͻῴ޳, ôţڵƹɢһĹ, ̵Ľֺɰޱȣʮˡ
ǰԼĿߵþˣȻǰȴֱ߽⣬ֻǿͷ˿һĪĳ嶯
ʱͻȻú, ÿһÿһŶҵ
޸оͷò, Ѵˡ
˿, ͷ˳, 漴صͷҴͷļܲ
ڨڨȻһЦվǸˣȥ˯ˡ
˵һ̻ص˷䣬Ժǽŵֱؿڡ
ʵе̫˰ɡ
ͷ, ;Լฺɲסˡ
ԺҪĻҪιȥ
һ뵽̲ס͵Цˡ
뵱еʱ򣬺Ȼˡһ˼˲ˡ
װȻôˡ
´һôô죿
𣿡
£ԼֹȻ̡
һǸղԼǣ˷ӦҲűˡ
̫ˡ
ּ̧װȷ磬ޣʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô£Ҿ㣬û档

һ㶣㲻ỹûɣ
ҡҡͷʮְյüô˵Ҿȥˡ
û£°УҲܾûˡ
ţԼĶӣʵҲе
ȥμӾۻỹûԱ
ô࣬Ķ˼԰
ʲô˼ģ˭Ц㣿
˵꣬װɵüòɡ
ƸϽûУȻûˣҸһֻѧϰôġ
⻰αԼš
ʱ⣬ڵޡ
ǸʱһСѾͷѾ빫˾ܲˡ
֮Ĳ಻һôΪԼʸվߣһֱƴŬ
ĻԺЦ
˵ôûͲѧϰⲻ顣
һЦü
ôоܻɵӣ
ҾаôˣǲǺ𣿡
ƹô˵뿴ʲôӦ
üͷһ壬㻹У
ҡҲ˵ǲǼ𣿡
ƴСѾϰˡ
һͽš
ô˵޵ɫźת˼֡
ȥ档
Ƶ鲻ԸʣΪʲô£ҪԵ𣿡
㲻˵ԼҲûԱѵֻҳԣ

̾ȥˡ
޽ķǰһҳֻֽдĸ֡׼ƻ
˲©һġ
ʲô׼ƻҪ˭ף
Դһ˲ðʣ޵ĻŵòС
ضĸ֣оԼĴԶհˡ
磬ºˡ
ƻȴǰ
⣡
ԼдĶæ˹ȥ
ûڣ޾ˣҪ˭ף
ƿϵֻֽдĸ֡׼ƻ˲˿
ֻһŷϣʣµĶսˡ
רΪϱļƻΪһʽУصһҳҳֽÿ趼ֱ¼ٶһ
ԺٿҲǸ
һ鱦־ͽи׼ƻЩ׼Ůѱ׻á
ƿʼһĺ˵˵ˡ
˵֮ͻȻʶ뷨治ء
ţͷԡ
ȴĻΪ۾ת֪϶ѡ
Цų˳ʲôû˵ֱȥˡ
Ϸڵ棬ÿһ涼˸ֻϺ
Ǹ档
δһֱӿԡ
Ķ棬͵͵һۣܵɢĵѹͷСġ
ͼѰһ죬Դƴ˿εա
ȥ뵽˼ǰһ£Цޣ磬㻹ǲǵǰдθݺ棬¥ҳԣ˵ҲҪԣҾͰǷݸˣ˭֪ͰˣԺĶӡ
һ뵽̲סЦ
ÿĶͷ㻹˼˵ڵĶҲӡ
һʼùν˭֪һžǰ£æˣùͳˡ
꣬ƹûججΪѹʵ̫ˣΨԼϺôѧÿ춼ƴŬ޳޵˯ž
ȥĩʱ򶼻ǿдȥԸתһת
ȸбҵһ˹
еһγŷʮңܹ¡
һվȥӢСʱϿҵĺܶʷվƬʱоԼһ
±ȥޱݳ޵飬Ȼ˹⣬Ǹҡ
ʵ֪Ϊ޽ϲӢŰѵһվ
ǸʱѾϲˣûκ˿Աȵϵġ
һĵȥ飬ͻȻЩˡ
ĬĬذϺиƣ˵ԡ
û⣬˵ôʳϺƣӪġ
ġ
װͷ˵
װͰ͵ģƱ˱Ͳ˵ˡ
ÿ
˶ʰȥϴ룬ƺ⡣
ȥ˯ɡ
ŶƵͷӦֲĵȷҪ˯ɳ𣿡
Ȼһеڶѡ𣿡
˯ҵĴҸ»һ״֡
ʧЦСѾͷôģ
ùˣȥ˯ģҴϴ˯
ðɡ
εͷתط˯ˡ
ʱѾˣºûþ˯ˣҲΪ̤ʵɡ
ϴȥϴ˸裬ϴߵƵķſڡ
ĴͷһյСҹƣξͶϡ
СѾͷɵ˯ˣ޲ɹǡ
ᲽĴߣ鿴һۣǵĻԽ
֪ǲǲעӣüͷͻȻһ¡
޿ü壬ʲôأ
ǰʲô¶˵ԽԶˣʲô¶ĬĬĵף
޾ô˺ܾúܾãڣʼһɳ嶯鲻Խظһա
ȫĿƣ֪ڴ֪֮رìܡ
ͻȻ޿ƵĽëգգһ˲˶޴ĸо
ղŲ᲻޳ܣ
ԽǰһˣԽ⡣
ôԸһҲˡ

32

վڴߵ˰, ûѲŷ뿪
ذţ˵˾䡰
ߺһƲŻ
ղҲ֪ǲǴ, ܸоԼĴվһˡ
ѹ, յ, 㻳ԼĴ
˸Ƿ, Ʊ۾˯ˡ
һ˯˵ڶߵ, ·ӷȥ, һŨŨĶζ˲˱Ƕ
Ҹ, ͳԡ
˸ȥϴּ, ϴȥԷ
һȥͿϰˢ
ͷƹ£ʵؼ·𱻶˲ɢһֹƻϢ
৵ءһ¾ͺˣԵرȥ
޵һۣޱȻؿڵֲû, װʲô˼
˭װˣʶ
޹һЦ, û˵ʲô
ϴԺȥ, ʱ, Ȼ˵˾䣬ҵ㻹ɡ
ȫʺ
ôˣ
оǰԽˡ
ڲǰҲûͣƹ
ƻΪˣ¾Ϳˡ
ҵ죬㶼֪ң
޲һ䡣
ƴ̧ͷ㻹û԰
ﻹһ붹û
ƲƲ죬ûһԷ, ҲҪ
ѽֲǹģôСۡ
˵꣬ЩС̲ˣͦóԵģ㳢
ҺСۣ
ܲԼκβõ

Ƴˣ֪
Ҳǡ
޼װҡҡͷǱȲϴ硣
ö˶˵˵ʲôأ
Ƶתת飬ˡ
극һȥ˾·ϵʱƴôա
Ҹ㻹ʲô壬϶Ҫϲġ
㲻ùôˣʱҸ绰ˡ
޼صģӹһĨζ
ƺڰмƻʲô֪һҪѾͷ
˾յϢ˵ƷˣֻҪǩ־ܿʼгˡ
̫ˣеһƷС
ްнİ칫ǩ֡
ⶼǾ˾ĸλ߲㻹ʦ˲ͨģҸ㿪˺š
ҵȻ֪ˣϾʵ
ƹⲻǫ˵˾䡣
޹һЦͳԷ
һûأʹѹեң
Ƽװü
Ԥ֧һĴһǷ㹤ʲɡ
Ҹ㿪Цģһٷһġ
˵꣬ſָָȳȥˣ
š
ųȥʱպҪȥسһЦܲ˼Ƶġ
ȫ˾ֻ֪ƺ޵ĹϵҲãŲҶʲôǷ֮롣
˿ɾͲһˡ
ȥ͸޸״˵˾мͬ¶ƻ
˺ֱ˵˾䣬ңȫˡ
Ҫô̰ɣ
޲Цӣ̽Ե˾䣬濪ˣ
أ
ҾҲûҪôһλĸ磬˿϶ۣȻûҪˡ
ôãҵһξ˵ô
޶ĻãͷˣŰɡ
Ҳǣô㣬ʲôµģ

ҪͳԷǸȻЦ΢ţߵ㵽ǡ
лᶼȥϴЦóɣǽйȥһԶٷ
޻Ϊƾһ˳Էû뵽ȥ󣬿Ͷ綼ˡ
һˣŤͷѯʲô
Ƹղ·ʱûڨڨȻһЦԻ˶಻𣿡
޳ʣ𣿡
ˣЦܿˡ
ţЦˣǵĴɩˡ
Ƶ£װü˵ʲôأõѣͳԷܲ𣿡
ǴɩҲǲԣַò
ȻѻӹȥüʵڲУɩҲԡ
˵ûȴؾ˼ŮӿЦ
ֲϲ˼ңҿЦ
ȻоܺЦ
вŮԡһϸɲ硣
⻰Ĵָ
Ȼеˣôɡ
˼ˡ
ЦʱƿţҴ߽
ֵ˾䣬粻ûôô
ˣ̫ˡ
ЦӺ˿ˮ·ϺһɯˣӾȻʮ飬أ
˵ӡ֣ü
Ů˵ֱ̫ˡ
ϰ˵ʽˣûʲô
Цʵôģ
Ȼǽбչ˾
Ц˵꣬ǣ66681֪˭𣿡
ȦҲ̫˵Ǿ֪ء
Цû˼˵ӵϷ¶˾Ȼ˵ֻҪԶٷͲ׷
˵ǳԷ˭֪
ʮıԽҰҲ̫ɣôϷ
ĳƣüͷһ塣
ҹ˾ܾĳ

Цˣ˿ʮͷô͵ˣ
Ǹʮˣӿġ
Ŷ
Ц͵͵Ӧ²ʲôˡ
ȴ׷СӶԲѷˣ
ǸܾĶӣɵûΣЦ֮ôҲΪ˵ʲôĻˡ
Ц˼֪ҡҡͷ˵ûС
һѣûơ
ҶӶ˰ɣ÷Աϲˡ
ʱ˿ڡ
ϰɡ
Ц˵ͷ׼ŭΪʳ

ʱ仹磬ЦҪҪȥһ䣬Ȼܾ
ϾûһŮӲϲ֡
ؼңôܷģۣ磬Ҳȥ䣿
ҺۣؼϢˡ
ҸûҪ׷ˡ
ô磬Ϣ
ǿƵĸ첲Ӳһȥˡ
üֻøһȥˡ
ЦҲһ𣬸оʮ־ϲ
͵͵չȥƣ˵ǲûôң
˭ᣬϺһ
ƿġ
Ǳɣֲɵûˣ
֪˺ü硣
˿̿϶ƣѵǸð
˻ǣ߾һؽ¥ҹС
ȻˣǲЩ¶
ƺЦŮǰ棬񻤻ʹһں档
ʲôʱƸף
Ҳ޹Ĩˣֱ˵
룬ϲҵ翴
Ҹо㡭룬˼İɡ
ܣ
ȷ޲̾
㲻ǴС󶼺ôôųˣ
Щʧ˿ԴͷǸ¶˾Ͳеڶλˡ
ſġ
̫࣬οļ
ƵıӰ룬ʲôʱʸذӵ뻳أ

ҹϣŮȥһ̯ǰƷ
ϰƼһ˵һġ
ЦƲƲ죬Ťͷƣ𣿡
š
˵̶꣬ȴֻһתԸһΡ
ҲԸһΡ
Ůһ߹ơ
ôѿĶʲô
˧磬һҪһ𣿡ϰ
ҡҡͷһһȤûС
ȴ˵򡣡
㲻еǶһܺƴճһоҲ
治ţ޾ȻôɵСܳͷβظıһ˰

33

ҹתһȦ, ʱˣָøظˡ
Цͻؼң, Ȼ֪Ǻ, ˼ҹû˼, ܲ˼, ǾЦ˵
˳Ժ, ֱ˵ؿڵҽʮ, ΧѶѾɼ, ҲûнĴ㡣
ͻȻ˵ЦһʱûӦ
أգգ
㲻Ҫ˷ʱˡ
Ŷ
Цоû, ǿջЦҲû˷ʱ䰡ܾ㣬һͦĵġ
ȥҲзչġ
ûϵҲͦõ, ֲദú, ɡ
Цװν, ̹Ȼ˵
ʵĺ, ޡ
Ȼƽʱٴ֣ҲչǸŮѽ
ȻҲҪ˺Ǿ˵Ŷá
ֻЦ̸֪Ҫôˡ
ЦƺҲ˵ʲôĻ̲סᣬ֮ǰæǸȥˣ߰ɣԼ򳵻ȥˡ
˵Ҵҵƿ³, Ͻ׷ȥӺһס
ԣôˣΣա
ûϵֲǵһô򳵡
ûһҪȫ𡣡
˵ЦֺЦ
֮ԹҲǳڹȥԼһء
ˣûҪǰôִ֡
ǣЦֻصϣο˵˾䣬鷳һȥˡ
򴽣ûнӻ
һ·˶ܳĬ
ЦĬĬ̾˿룺ôãûϲһøжûУټȥҲͽˡ
ƣ׼ˡ
ί֪ú˭˵ЦֻܸƷϢȥ

ް͵СſʱӵСҵĵ绰˵ǵ·ûά޺ãϢ޷ǳ
һʮҵѰ׽ģôһȺ˶Ƿ𣿡
˼䣬ùҵ绰
ƸϽȰСʣ·û޺ã
ţ˵Ǻ鷳ҾǾҽڷܡ
Ҳ֪˵ɶˣֻܵ㻹Ҽɳϴպһˡ
üͷŵͷ
ƽϢΣûо۰ɣ
ûУɳ
Ŷ
ƷĵصͷݣǰǼɳ

صȥϴ裬ΪҪɨһ
˾䣺ҪҰæ𣿡
˰ɣԼҶСʱɨġ
ţұҲ
ƣ
ƦЦ£תȥϴˡ
ıӰ̲סȭͷˡ
ָǰһˡ
Ϥĸоúůô£ѲŰϰˣ
ҡҡͷ뷨ȥɨѺϰѹ׼ɨȻϡ
һɨŵأһߴֻſЦϢ
ݣȻһϽ׷˷ʲôЦ춼ûء
ϴٶȺܿ죬һͳˡ
ڷʪģҰԣſTһ̿㣬Ϣʮ㣬룬һҪˡswƬ׶C.C.S
ϵأǰҪϰѣҰɡ
ãϲɾ
˭˵ģƫҪ֤
˵ģôˣ
Ŀⶨؿʣ֮ǰ˵ֻǿһ𣿡
Ӵ㻹ǳأ޶پЦع
ٿˣǶֻɡƻǲɡ
ǰﵹæ
ϰѣһȥ䣬ƽŵĨƵģͻȻˡ
ۿҪˤ£޸ϽסҲŵһˤȥˡ
ֻ˵ġһ죬޺ʹĸ˸ܽӴҲˤϣ˵˲һ
һ̷ˡ
Ŀţڱ˴˵жؿԼĵӰ
ְķΧУҲԣҲ֪˭ģ֮ˡǿҡ
ϵζõǿԡζţ㣬ºܺš
ƱϢòţС¹һֱײ
ԼİôҪǿĶ
Լһ嶯̲סȥ
ĻⱲӵ崿󶼲ˡ
ǸޣӦøϿȴſϵĸо᲻÷ſ
ǸоԼ֫ģʧȥû֧վ
޿Ƶ͸ƻһ۾գգ͵ģǾÿɰˣ඼Ҫڻ
ҪŬĿԼܲȥ
Ҳ֪˶ã޸оԼĺʪˡ
ϹĵذôʪҲѹ֡
еۣǸղˤˡ
üͷ֪ظо
ƿüͻȻһ£ɿشˡ
ҡ㡭ʲô
޴ؾԼ·ŵö֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǻܵӣһֻ֡

Ʋ˼˾䣬Լ𣿡
Һˤˣһǹأ
⻰ŵøϽ
ǸϽȥҽԺɣʵڲУҽоȻ̧ߡ
ûôأ۵ĻҶˡ
ްʣк컨𣿡
ţ
Ĩһ¡

һ㶣ҸĨ
ȻأܹõԼ󱳣ֱ׳ط
ơŶһģռ˵ģǸﲻռ
ſɳϰɡ
һ䡣
ţ޾͹Թſȥˡ
ͦġ
ţȥ˺컨͹
ʱϵTٶƿġ
ŵһҪ͵һôײˡ
ɡ
˧ؽTɳһ˦ȥ
ƿ.¶ĺ󱳣Ǹоʮ죬ֻԼѺ򶨣ƲסʲôʧͳΪ
ɳϣ컨͵ȿȻͿĨĺ档
𣿡
Ƭ󱳶ۡ
İĦ޳ܵ˵
ô۵ôذ
ֹţְһ
ʱҲ˲ΪǲǺˣ˵ǡ
磬оúܵ𣿡
Ǻۡ
޷һܵı飬˵껹̲ס˸Ƿ
ֻСġһֱֹšôˣΪʲô۵ô
ƾԼôĦҲûʲôãǵ˵ҿȥҽԺɣҪʲô£ǵˣ
ͷûʲô£
һѪͨأ
ԽԽòģɴֻĴ绰ˡ
޼״æֹ
˺ˡ
ֻùװһ˵Ҹоöˡ
õô죿
ƺɵüֱ˵ʣ㲻װİɣ
޵Ȼ£ΪʲôҪװ
ô֪Ϊʲô
䣬ĿͻȻؿơ
˫۾ƺҪĵס
Ʊŵ񾭲ɵý
ΪʲôҪһһʣ治֪Ϊʲô
ѯʵ˶ס
Ŀؿ˺ܾúܾãƲ૵³֣Ϊʲô
Ϊ
޵ϵúܳƺҲԥҪҪֱ˵
һ̣ͻȻøⰲƺü
رţƺµҪ˵ʲôȴֲȷǲ
ֱţƺ뵳һϢ
ڣƵᵽɤʱ˿ڣ
ڲû㵱ÿ㶮ô
仰ƵĿһ˲͡
ҵʲô
ĬĬʣȴκ
ʱ̧֣ס֣صغһ֣ơ
ƾɵһԵرĳһ䣬֪Լʲô
ķΧһ仰ƻˣ޿̲סЦ
㣬ҽҪ˵ҪĻ
ϸҪ

34

صͷ, СԽԽˡ
סļֱ۾ƾò˼, 㶼㲻
Լû̫, Ѿĸɡ
˿ŶԷ۾, ֪ע˶, Ҫˡ
ٵȥ, ÿ, ȴֻõĹϵദ, Ǹ޴ĥ
Ȼһ̣һֻȴˡ
һ, ʶԼֻ죬ùӵ绰ȴ߬סĸ첲ʮְԵ˵׼ӣҰѻ˵ꡣ
ͻȻôǿ, Ƹһ, գգ, ˳˵, Ӳӡ
޸ղźò֯Աͨ绰ˣε̾˿˵ʵҺܾǰͲǰ㵥ÿˡ
Ȼ֪ô˵ŵӰӡ󣬵ʵҪ֪
ҡ
ƺ˵Ͳ翴뻹˵ɣְѻ˻ȥ
ΪһŮ, ȻҪһ㡣
ʲô
µعʲô̬ȡ
ƻ˵ģء
ϡ
޻ͼʲôȴʲô˵
ұ꣬Ӿ˵϶Ҫḻ˼뷽棬ҲῼǵñȽ϶࣬ǾصľŸҵﻰ
Ŀؿƣƽ
ƵͷԼϥǣֻ޴߬һ
ʲôֱ˵ˣﻹҪĨǵأ
ƾ޿ڣȴü׷ôҵģ
ƹװ޹ҡҡͷ˵ʲôֱܲ׵أ
ǡ
ްЦһ
СѾͷ֪Ļ
ʲôģûоҺرʱ򣿡
ָ˧˺ܴҺܺãҺܶůȫõĸ硣
ֻǸ磿

Ƴһ£ⷴ
װɵѵʲô˼𣿡
˭֪ʲô˼
Ǹ˼úÿȻҴ𸴡
Ķͷû˵ס
ʮִ㵡
⣿
ô׵ıףôʣȦӡ
ˣ͵شɳվֻصԼ䣬Ÿˡ
ղͨ绰ЦģƸ˵绰÷²һ¡
û뵽绰һͨͷȴĿ
ƣҺѹҸоԼҪˡ
ϴʧҲô˵ġ
ǲһǰģѹҲһȥˣҿδϣˡ
Щ̾һڸոգҵҲƶ˵䵽ˡ
Цԣ˲ֹͣˣע¶ˡ
㷢ʲô¶ˣ
˵ҵÿ˼Ϊʲô˵أ
Ը񽾰⡣
УǾŰɣҹװ׻𣿡
̹ԼˣҲûʲôˣ͹һ㣬ɱ𼤶ԣֱȥˡЦϸԼѹ
ǰһֱ룬ϲһʲôӣɵһĵˣҷܻš
ʲô
Ҳ֪оܲʵ
Ϊڻûʽȷϵǣӵ֮ʵˡ
Ц˵ر̹Ȼȴ쳣졣
룬ϲôãȵĲǽǶĽңһ˹¶ĵίˡ
ЦѵôᣬĵذƵ
˰СʱҶϵ绰֮ŷӦ绰οԼôοˣ

һҹ˯ṳ́ܲʵշתʼδߡ
ʮְգԭóĩú˯һģȴӰ顣
㣬ߵˣɴ׼ȥܲͷһ
ƻһ˶£ӷһװ˼Ĵɳϣԭϵ̺Ӷ䵽ˡ
վǲģ߹ȥǺãüͷЩεĵ̾
͵ط˸ëִ̺ϻȥ
СĿռҲòܡ
ֻͣҵĽڰɣʵ
ȻǸﲻѻ˵أ
¸ǺãȻųš
Ȼƹŵᣬ޻ˣüͷ΢΢һ壬󻺻۾
޴ɳʶߵƵķſڣȴķſţ̶ʰ룬˲֪ȥĶˡ
һ˲æȥط鿴Ҳûڡ
ѵͻȻףŵˣ
ֻ͸绰ȴһֱûӡ
ֻøϽ·ȥˡ
ƴʱСܲ峿ĿʺܺţүѾ𴲳Ҫô壬Ҫôˣر֡
ƵһȦû뵽Ȼײޡ
˲˿
֪˼롱ʲô˼ˣղ̲סȥ룬ǲ˴̼ȥˡ
ߣСȥ
ƾ¶ûһȻؿڶ˵
޵ͷ˺˲
ĵľٶ΢΢һʵϸĵĻȷǰһˡ
̲סȥЩĺãһһΣ۳˸жů
СĵºҪİӡ
ûٿ飬Ϊյ׼һʢĸףȵһٽǲʵؾ;һ
޶ôЩ꣬һأ
һֱ۲Ƶ飬ֵôȻһһСԵôģܲԾ
ѵǽֻӵļ䣿
𸴵ģȴװ·ӣ
޵ˣζİӣʧȥθˡ
磬ô԰
ƺһ
ԡ
޺Ե˵
ҪôҪʣˣ
Լ԰ɡ
ͷһתֱӿ˴⡣
ƴоˡ
ǲûĸףоƣ
Ƽ˸Сݵߣ磬㳢ܺóԵġ
ԡ

ǰҲʼˡ
˭֪һ߬סʣ¶㿼ǵôˣ
ӵһתⲻʣ˺þöû˼أҿʲôأ
ޱЦˣֲɵӣôܲס
װɣ
ȥ˾ˣԼԡ
˵ˡ
ƴ㵵ؿ뿪ıӰˣ
ôôأ
ѣ˭мܵסأ
̾˿оҲûθˡ
ֲǹҪģʵĸ׼ƻŪ˺Щ죬ˡ
һ٣Ϊʲôˡ

磬ЦԼȥ֣Ϊʵ̫ˣֲܺͱ˵ֻֻ֪ˮˡ
ƵҲôãԭΪյ޵ĸףܿģͷ̬ȴ˰ء
֮ӣƶϣѾϰ˶ָʹ˭ûģͻҲһֱԹİţΥ
ΣΪû˵׵㣬Լһڰӵ꣬ˡ
ѵԺһˣҲ˵սս
ڵĻʲô˼
ŮһͿʼ²ۣЦ˵¶ҲòС
û˵ʲôֵĻھ˦ɫԺһˣôܣ
ƢȷǲҸʶʱ֪ˣֻҾȥˡεʼ˵
ЦͬüƢԽԽģܱ֤ԼһӶί𣿡
Ҳʱ̶ģܶʱһͦõġ
Цô˵̫ˡ
ΪСֻ³ɳԭ򣬱˵һöж
ΪýãЦƼֺ˸ôŮӦýеػš
㵱ʲôˣҪ׵ĻҲʻ
ЩڵĶҲֻҪҲ˼Ҿ֪ˣұǴ׵ġ
Ѿˣ㻹Ǹվϲ
š
Ƶͷܰ;ϡ
ϲһഺҪԼĹ̻ľš
ĵЦóһȥİ飬һɡ
֣ǽȥԿ㣬ЦҪƿƣһһƿ
Ҳ֪Ǻ˾ƵԵʻǿ̫ˣصԺƾͿʼöۡ
˱ˮȣȻɳϡ
Ҳ֪绹ˡ
ԼĶӣĬĬ롣
Ϊһܻ⣬û뵽Ȼ۵ԽԽˡ
ҧɳȴʹû취ֻܸ޴绰ˡ
绰ȥһֱû˽ӣֻùٴڶ顣
ӵĻ
û꣬޾ͽ˵绰
ʲô£
磬Ҷۡ
һ˵ͷʱ
Ϲȥ
˵͹˵绰һҲҵ顣
ˡ
ĸ֣޽žҪ뿪
˿ںѾۻᣬ⼸ƽʱúܺõֵܣȵÿģͻȻ˵ҪߣǺǲˬ
ź˶ߣ˭ĵ绰
ǣҲ̫ˣһͨ绰˵߾ͽˡ
ҲǸðɣ˭ǵүĹ
Ϥ޵˶֪ƣ˭ϳôŵ顣
Ƕ˽µ٩˵ÿء
˵ãôҲʶʶ
һλѵ٩ޣһۣǶһȺĵˣ°ˡ
˭ˣ
˻δ䣬Ѿ첽뿪ˡ
˽Ƶĸԣ۵رĻһ绰ġ
ٶȸϵƵļŵ룬ŵûС
ȥ޾ͿɳϣС԰׵˼㡣
üǰ̽ᱧȻҽԺ
硭
Ϣ΢غһǲҪ˰
û۵ôĺ鲻ͣµΡ
죬˵˵ʲôأ
޺ֲĻ
ƹɵĻˡ
֪Ҳܺ£ʲô¶
Ϊôɳʱľͻˡ
ԣŽʻƽɡ
ֱʱź֪żƵһɾζŭ˲޵ͷ
Ⱦ㻹ȣҵĻƨ𣿡
ƱһӲ״ض¡
㡭ˡ
ҧʹ̵˵
εüȥҽԺͷʰ
ٶȸϵҽԺ̽ҽƼ顣
ȷʵǳԻˣԳθףҽ˸θCTθе쳣Ҫһ顣
һ޵ĳ׻ˣоԼһ̶ˡ
Ŷʮͷθô쳣أ
׷ҽȴҽ˵θⲻСǰڿӴλʮŮһ־θûˡ
˵ʲô
޵ͫȻŷܿµ
ҽŵüһϽ͵Ҿ㣬ƽעһθвʣ̾ҽ
Ϣ޲ûиƣصʱŬԼ򶨡
ƴ˵ƿԺ˯ˣڲϣüۣ͸¶ѹ
ǧ£ȻĻҲҪȥˡ
ƺиоƵģͻȻ۾ͷһʮֱ˵ڿ
磬ôˣ

35

û뵽ƻͻȻ, ʶͷ±
ôط
ü, ֹ˵Һ񿴵ۿˡ
İ, ûϢá
˵, Ѹתƻ, θѲˣ
öˡ
գһ۾, ôǶأ
, θͶӶֲ塣
ޱֳһ, ˳˵θһֱãóλȥθ, ȫһ¡
ûҪɣ˵θҪһܳĹӲθ
붼ÿֲ
ʹģ۾˯һˡ
޷Ҫеز˲Ծ
磬ҵθʲôë˰ɣ
ԣ, װͷ˵, ôϻ
Ƽô, , ٶ˵ʲôˡ
ȱ۾úϢҳȥࡣ˵꣬޾ʹӲȥˡ
ƣѹʵ̫ˡ
ȻҽҲֻ˵вõ״ûµģȴ̲סĻš
ͻȻŷ֣ƵĸѾĳ̶ˣܳʧȥĿ, ֻмڷ֮һҲС

ȥСҽصؽģȳһЩʳҪԲʳ
С壬ƴԼԵģû뵽ȻҪιһֶ룬һӣȻ˼
ҡԼɡ
оԼûﵽҪιĵزҲԵ̫ˡ
ϻ
ɷ˵ؾܾҨһ׵ݵߡ
ƺȽȥȴ̵ˣæͷ
ްյüͻȻԼܲϸģܲչˡ
ѹףһӦûС
ѣҪ˻µġ
ҷţһŵӡ
ιһʱȵݵԼߴ˴ȻƺȽȥ
ƿĵľٶоܲ˼顣
ôᣬˡ
磬ʲôأ
ҡ
ſھǲͷΪϰ˵ʽ
ܿʶԣæĿˡ
˵ùҡ
Լȥʮᡣ
ı仯оĪ
شȴһ۾ҡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̲ס
ĬĬ롣
ӣҾǾе֡
ʲô
ɵһЦ˧ġ
ޣ
ȻһСѾͷˣǴЦѳֲס

һιԺ޳ֽƲ˲ǣָ˱ˮҩ
ƹԹ԰ҩˣû뵽ħƵóһǣġ
ĶŪǰ
ʱӹ̨õģ˵ǺСѵġ
⻰ˡ
˺װֽ
˴ҹߵ춼ˣϢȴģҪۿĵƿꡣ
˯ɡ˵꣬ҴҴӡ
иоˣȴ˵ı䣬֮ĸоһˡ

ɢڰڶԼҽ鷿ʱסԺ۲죬һʼôϣþǳθףûҪС
ȻһܾסԺ޾ʲô˵ˡ
ֻϾ͵ˣҪȥøֳôҽԺǶˣ
ǣƱЦйȥ˾˵ˡ
ЦҲޱ֤˵Իչ˺Ƶģġ
޿˸ôã̲סԴ׼ʡ
ԼǸ̬ҪȻôǳŮĴף

ߺƱ͵͵ҽԺǱȥҪҵƿʱٻ
ЦľΪ޸̫ˣԼθסԺҲû˸գס
ƳȥСʱڼ令ʿ鷿Цȥϴּˡ
ʱʿù롣
ȳԷɡ
ƴһݼŷЦԡ
ʿԺͳȥˣЦһ߳ŷһߺƣ㵽æʲô
ͷ֪ˡ
Ƴصգգ۾
Ц̲ס˴ĴָôϲҲΪһġ
ΪĸΪȣĲʲô
Ƹп˵ʵ޶̫ˡ

ϣæ깫˾¶ˡ
ЦԭƵģȴؼϢ˵һˡ
״ЦҲ˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ߺޣҪסԺҸоԼˣﻹҪ˷ʱ˷Ǯġ
޳Ĭ룬ſڶ˵ȥθûʲôͻؼҡ
Ҫθܲ
ƻû˵꣬ͱһ˻ȥ
ðɡ
ֻͬˡ
ǵ˼䣬ƵĲ߻һ㻤ϴˡ
ͬһռ˯ͷһΣƵͦŵģˡ
ƹԺ󣬷ڣһ졣
磬֪ҵһμʱʲô𣿡
ʲô
һͺףԺҪԶһ㡣
ţЦ
û뵽㿴ͦʵģĹ⡣
ʵֲɵ
Сֹ
룬һμʱûʲôرĸоǸݰͰɬСѾͷʱŸϳһǴѧˣ뵽ʲôܣֻʱ硱оԼе顣
ÿһദУԽ۰ã޲ܰԼӵеһж
տʼ޻ûʶԼĸ⣬Ͼôࡣ
ֱ˴ѧȫ죬ΪһˣŻȻʶѾǵǸɬСѾͷˡ
պȻ˳Ĭ޽¹Ŀƣŷ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
Ĵǹ
Ҽţһҵġ

ڶϣƱȥθˣ޵ţվ⣬һֱͣⲽ
̶̲һСʱʱ䣬ȴо
޺»вõĽһǿԼ侲
ڣθˣ޸Ͻȥס
ΪҩԵʣ˶εġ
޷ϣȻȥҽѯʽ
ҽ˵ûʲô¶ʱʱ˿
һƵǰ޾ͽס
Ʊٶʮִ㵣ʣôˣ
ޱʲôû˵
˺þãûſƺͻȻ˼ǲǺʲô¶
ģҽǶ˵û𣿡
һ˿ȻϾֹӵģƼˡ
޷ſƿۿȻЩ졣
һ⡱ʶ˾䣬磬㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
ôܳϣͷԱһŤӲ˵ûС
Ʊ𺳵ˣ֮ǰ޸׵ʱûʲôȻڣȴܵԼĿеҪˡ
ƼĬ룬С֣˻ĸ첲
һľٶͷ
ԺһҪչ˺Լ壬ҵˡ
áƴӦ
С
޳Ĭ˵˵Ժ󲻰㵱ÿи׼Ӳʲô㲻Ҫѹ͸
ʼȥƣ̫ͻȻһʱܲˣӦ
ƺ˵ĻϾôԵǿƣȻҲʼˡ
ưԺްͻصң֪æߴϽȥ˾
޸ాϣǵúȣȻߡ
ǹ˾иҪǲ뿪ġ
һߣƸϽҳóԼġ׼ƻѾˣյҪ¶ˡ
ĸףƵڴ
ҲȲһˣĳ嶯Խó嶯ǿҡ

ϵʱ˲Ƶļϴ·Ǵﳣסˡ
Ի˵Ϊ˷չƣȰθãͻؼס
ƹŲʣ磬ҪȻȥŴ
ţЦһֱסȥˣ
ƵƤûÿһ٩Ͷò֪˵ʲôˡ
޲ˣʲôˡ
ķͦóԵģԳʲô˶ãҶԡ
ֿʼЦ۵ȴ貵Ц⡣
ңҶ֪ľġ
ҿĻĵģ㿴˵ѵ𣿡
ϰԵͣе嶯ˣֻøϽȥˡ
һȥֻˡ
ƸϽֻ͵磬˸绰
һĳѴģֱʲô¶˵գһȾơ
ȥˣ
޵˵ţƺЩе˰¶úܶˡ
ǰɣû
Ȥ㲻ˡ
˵ϲŮȺȾЩҪĶˡ

÷Ժ¡
Ƽ˿ＹŽȻʣ
磬ǴＹôģΪʲô˵ζһأ
ǴŰɡ
䲻һ䣬Ʋ㱻Ǻ
Ȼתת飬ɴͷ˵ˡ
ǹһĨЦ⡣
ôʱʱòһ»ͦ˼ġ

36

յܿ͵, 㵽֮ʣ˸滹صرעˣ
ףʮտ֡
޻û˯, ʮ۵, üͷ
бҪĵʵ
ѵǿĲ
޺ܲˬ, ÿǰܲ, оԼһλ塱, кܴĴ
лл, Ҳܿʮˡ
û, ֱӸظϢ
һ࣬硣
ǡ
һЦ, 㶼Һˡ
ֻˣ˯
ԵҪգþ
ϣ
޴, ѡı, һ, ƷȥһСӻ˵ı顣
Ƶһμôȵı, оΥ͸С
һĨ΢Ц硣
ϲһ˰磬ǳ¶պ죬ǧǧֻܿüҲװ
һ, ƵļձԴЦҪæе࣬ص˸硣
ʱɳϣ˯
Ѿ˯ˣÿ˯ãȴһֱš
Ƶܸжô᲻֪ĿĶΪ˿
ˣϲ˸պҲϲԼ
ķϳݸЦ
ǰյʱ򣬼û򵰸⣬Ǹһ棬ʱر㣬ðְܼǵԼվͺܺˣҲûĽСѶеԡ
ڻ룬ԼСʱµÿ̲סԼ
˯оżƮζü漴͵۾
վ˸Ȼߵſڡ
æ⡣
΢ĳ͸սϣճĹâ
϶Щů⣬̲סȥӵ
̲ס룬ǽǲÿ峿
ʱӦöڳæ˯ͺá
ȡ
޿˺ðΣƶûͷװһ
ʶͷЦſڵϾºˣȵȹ
šӦ꣬ȥϴּϴˡ
޳Ѿڷˡ
磬տ֡
Цݵض˵̲ס룬ѵ˵Ĺվ
û˵ʲôӣ˵ˡ
Ϸ˸嵰÷ѽ滭˸Ц
ô˵Ҳһ⣬Ȼ򵥣Ҳůůġ
سƴ̽Ե˾䣬磬ʲô𣿡
Լ˿ͻȥ߶ӦúһԷӦþûˡ
޹ô˵֪רŰʱ䶼ճˡ
Ŷ
Ƶ͵͵Ӧһ
޻Ϊʲôģ˰Ҳûȵ˵ʲô
޿һʱ䣬׼ˡ
ưͲϽ뿪óȥæ顣
޳ǰ˵˰
뿴ƻ᲻˵һաûǸ˼
ѵ֮ǰ˵վһ
޵ĵײɱӿʧ䡣
̾˿ˡ
һȥƾ̻·Ҳ׼ˡ
յͣ׼ԼԶȥѡʳģȥǰԤԼõĵDIY⡣
нһСӣ߲õ÷ܰ򣬹޵ĺգд࿨Ƭ
һŵƬĵȡ
֪ʶʮһˣ֤ĳɳഺ֤һСŮ˴
мĺãᵽů
Դˣʽ˵һллԼ
Ұ㡣

ǰδӹԼգùνѾôˣ꣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ҫգڴ
Ƶ̬ĥ͸ˣӦòô򵥣ֻǵȥҲʲôʾ
һ磬޺Ϳͻ򶼴ĲɣʱʱóֻһۣƻûϢ
ȵԷЩ಻סˣòƣɴֲ֣˼Ϣȥˡ
ϸŴ˼ҸԼյġ
ְϢɾˡ

ǵһγȥյ⣬ӵߵĨ浽ͣȫһ˶ɡ
ǵеĸſʽʵ̫ˣѧϰ˰죬ЧŤŤ
ˣҪ
һڵд֣Ҫдʲô
һ
ˡ
ȻиԭǣĸдȽϼ򵥣ǡһǸ֡
ضţһһдµһ֣ţѴ֮
군һƬЦ˹ȥ
ģɣ
Цܿͻˣȴǲ²ۣ
Ȼɫѣҹյʱ㶼û⡣
֣´ιվ͸
˵ģڡ
˼ֻ
һææ㣬֮صȥһ͵ĵطѡƯİɫȹӣͷ˾µĵױ
ɢ˫磬ȹӺҶߵʹȥ崿ֿɰ˶һʡ
ʦ̲סֱޣ˵Ⱥܶױ컹Ҫÿ
ƶžһ뵽ʮһǰμʱҲŰɫȹӣͬǣʱβ裬ڵǳĶ˵ĳʡ
µĳھУȫıˣߵĲֻףǷų
ƽൽճصĵط
Ԥ޴ӳҪһСʱʱ䣬ôԳʱţţ͡
뵽ƱóֻϢ
磬һա
һյϢ̸Ϲȥˣ·ϵʱĪţøңƺҪؿ
ֻܱԼǿԼ侲
ֵ߷ڣһ·̵̫࣬żȻģʵǹƼעС
ڶƵʱֱӱ׷ˡ
Σֻͣס˳
ʾһļʻ֤
һؿޡ
ĸӵģ
޲ϻھϹȥƵȼˡ
Ϊʱһڴٵˣжʧ
㲻ùܣΥͨȣⴳƣͼҹϵȥ
ΣһλĽҪȥӴΥ¡
ӺУֻܸȥˡ
Ƕһĸӵģ̸쵼绰ˣ򻹲֪Ҫòܸꡣ
ʱƸ绰ѾȥһСʱǱѾ׼ͣ͵ˡ
ƵżϢȥ
Ҫһ£Եȡ
յϢʱҪ绰ΪţŶˣٲ͸ˡ
˵Լ£ĵײӿʧ䣬оԼûеõӡ
˵Ҫգôץʱأ
ƿĲõΧоԼһǻѪˮ

37

޴Υ¾̸˹ȥ, û뵽ﾹһµСӣǰĻ԰ǣԵرλá
߽Ժ, ڴƿ˷, ӳһס˽Ų
Ʈ, ǽϹƬ, happy birthdayӢĺ۵λ, շΧ쳣Ũ, һȥõġ
, ϣĿһգգض
˶֮, վʱע⵽ϴ˼ȹӣ˷͡
ѹĵһ۸оЩİ
ǰһµĵ⣬ݾµţţ, ⶼȥİɡ
ʶһ, ޵ʲô͵ػ, Ŀרעؿ, ŨŨ顣
ʾһۣȥЩƬ
ߵƬǽЩƬȫ˵ĺգҪĵģĵġ
ÿһƬ澹ȻдעͣעʱԼص㡣
޿úܸжȻܼǵô
һƬ޿ƬϵƴŸУ, ˫βվԣЦ绨ȴһ࣬˼ǷƵġ
ƬȻǰĵˣ˼顣
޾ʱţпµħǸɬСѾͷôš
һƬȥӢĵģվ׶صϣһѧȹϸĸ첲ͷļϣ֪Ŀ϶ΪǶ¡
Ƭܹ˵ĻģȻ֪Ѿʶ꣬ЩƬŻȻʶԭһô¶
ǶؿޣһƬһƬʮͽš
֪˿ʲô뷨
Ƭֿ࿨Ƭһţдݣ
2015.03.15  
ҹһ꣬ǹشҲͣ磬ȥ˸ðҺȣԼ˲ҩˣȴ΢չҡ
2016.08.09  
ܲãҸ˵ǲԸ˵Ϊ˴ҵͼìˣǲȴ㣬ܱô㣬ʼġ
2017.12.31
ǿҹ˺ôһѩҪϴ˯ʱͻȻҵķţ˵ȥ̻
еһ浽賿Ż̻ĺȴת˲ţҺദʱĿݡ
תµһˣҶĸֻʱԽԽɡ
Ǳ꣬ҳɡ㣬óɡû⣬Ҿ갮㡣
֮Ҷᰮ㡣


Щݶƴռժص㣬ȫд˿Ƭϡ
ЩĸжôˣЩôĬĬġ
޿Ѿӯ
2019.08.03
عˣѾһûԸоеİˣҺһкȴ񿴲һ֮ƺһӡ
ҲôõΪʲôԸأ
ѵѾҶĸˣ
ϲһĺŶ

2019.11.15
ڹȫˡ
Ҫ֮ˡ

޿һſƬһشۿˡ
ԭ֪ЩʱһŮҵϲ
ͷŮ纣˰㷭ӿ㺡
ʱһһعȥҲ֪˶ãڰ಻סһгȥסơ
Ʊסͷ̵ؿڣʱҵ
Ǹˡ
ͷķģǸε˵
ΪһУ⣬ʲôҪ˵ˡ
һЩЩίسߣôôţŶˡ
ҲãΪ̫ż㣬СĴ˺ƣˡ
̲꣬סЦˡ
Ҫôżòʧ˰ɣ
һյϢͺ޲ֱӷɹ
ƱΪǲԼô˵꣬˲ͲƼˡ
Ǻðɣԭˡ
˵꣬ƿ۾˵һ䣺
磬տ֡
š
ղһν硣
ƽŵһ޵Ŀ˲䶨
ԼȻŵĶʼðˡ
ԺҾͽ㡭ޣ𣿡
һνֽгڣƻеݡ
ѾĬΣռдΡ
صͷϲ̫ͻȻ̫ġ
㡭ٺһ顣
ûԼôֱĿк
ƾڹⶺ棬üͷˡ
ͺһ顣
庢һڴ
ſڣ̽Եسޡ
ССϸȴ޵ļȡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴ˿ڣ
Ҵʮ꿪ʼϲ㣬ѾˣҲԶԶ㣬ǡһɡ
ֹ˵һ
޿۾ģƺ˸
ڽ֮ǰôҲ벻ȻʮͿʼϲˣǸʱǲŸϸ
ѾͷҲص̫ˣȫûо쵽
ǸʱܴȥԷȥ棬һֱĬĬòԶľ롣
ʱ򶼻ɣǲǲϲأԼߵ̫ƲסԼİɡ
Ա̹ף޸оԼˡ
Լ飬ŵֱӳˣعǲҳϣ־룬ֱȫʧأҲƲסԼ
޿о޵ݡ
ʼʱûʲôܵģϾʱ㻹̫СҶѾˣʱҾ뵥ضã㽿ޱȣúúǻ֪ʲôʱʼҶĸ鲻ٴˣͱ߽ҾȻʱұʶԼϲˣֻǸտʼԲԸϰˡ
޴һĬԵˣͱ̻¶Լ
ʶôǵһ˵ôһλǰôø䡣
İգЦǲ˵ǰֻ󡣡
޿õЦգ룬ܹһŮ
¹ţ۵Ĵ꣬ʶ𣿡
⻰˲ˡ
ôô˺ߵ⡣
ǿеɡ
Ʋ˼ֱش⣬תƻشߴ
˭ϣסͷȥ

ƶȻɴ۾
ǻûͬԭνؾ߸
տʼֻǳֹĴϣշתʧأʼ롭
ѹĵõĳ嶯һͷųҲղȥˣ§ƣǺ޲ðԼĹѪ
ƽŵ޴ţһƬհףֻס·
оԼһ˿̾Ȼ޵Ļӵǡ
ƺʼͣ뵳Ϣ
ǵúϢضûС
Ҳ֪˶ã֮ſʱĴ궼ˡ
ƸղŸоԼҪϢæˣſؿڣͣش
λԺҪܲ
̲ס͵͵ЦָĴϣҫŲĹâ
ƺ뷴ʲôλһôͣ׼ûС
һνǾ͹ˣ׸ûꡣ
оΣ
޺ܻͷѯʡ
һƿһۡ
ȴһѽק˻§ôҲײƵġ
ԭûһӦڰ׼ľϲ
ڹյĴָֻоġ
Ʋ˼Ӧһ
Ǹ׼ƻʵΪ׼İɣ
˲ϵˡ
ƿ£Ҳǰ֪Ļûϲˡ
ΪЩӦġ
һ˵͸оΪ飬ʱףʻʲôû׼һϲ㡱ûֱ˵
ֱˡ
ûϵѽֻҪĽǺõľС
Ƶ׵ʱûж̹⣬ʱû̫գܽԼ
ﲻί𣿡
;ۣһŮȴվԭز
ԺҺòˣ
̲סʧЦıǼ⣬õֹۡ
ôѵԺ󲻻Һ𣿡
ǰ㲻ŮѣҶ㶼ôãأ
ǿɲһǶ˵˵õ˾Ͳϧ𣿡
һ𣿡

Ʋ˵ˡ
״̲סͷȥ
ͻȻսԼŻˣԵסԼ͡
Ǹ㡭ô֡
Ҳ֤Ҷİж𣿡
ԭİôǳ
üԼͣóѡ
бһЦԽһˣԽʱʱ̵̿

һۣϽתƻˡ
㡭
˵һ֣ͳÿֵһ룬Ѹٵͷȥ
αϴθͣץϸ󣬱ƵˣսһƵǽϡ
ƻʵģΪһֱڿ.ҧ
޺һֱǱһֻҰޣűͷųԼƲסˡ
ֳ˺þãƱʵźǽ֮䣬ôѲ
òŷſһʿȷ㵹ȥ
˵ܲаɣȥܲ
һһеˡ
ŵתע˵ŻȻӦûԸء
ǣƸϽ򣬵˵ơ
ںڰҡҷţվĶ棬ӳõϴЦݡ
һֱĿţæߴ˵ϽԸɣ
޹ԸֻһǾһӶһ
Ըһ
֣ǿеɡ
á
޵ͷȥס֣һС
Žĺ󱳣Сŵֱ
һҵ
޽ĸһΪϵš
ƴ¶һĨҸЦݡ
վǹƽģȻͯٶ಻ңޣЩźֲˡ

չȥߵԺǧϣ޴Ӻ
ϵǣƺȻпڹʱҺܾû㣬ʱͻҹ룬ȻʱĻ᲻ͬһƬǿأ
ôңôϵң
ֲǲ˽ҵԸôԱСܻԼǲˣң뱻ǾͲϵ㡣

38

˵Щ͸о, ֪ҲϲĻһ׶ֱ, Ůѡ
, ܻĶź, ֻԼȥ롣
ƽƬ, Ƶļ, 䲻䡣
Ȼȹ, Ȼ, Ҳô°
䡣
ҡҡͷԱ, ڳ

£ưͷļ

ʶҪ磬һĹϵѾˡ
Ҿޡ
޵ͷƻؿڡ
ʱ͸оһֻСèСצġ
ޡ
νеõͦʹ, ̵ġ
ԡ
ͷ, ʣԼİɣ
, ô֪
һվͲǵġ

ƵĶͷϻ, ղŻܰʮ˲䵴Ȼ޴ˡ
վװ˸Ƿ̫ˣؼ˯
޼ôСۣʮεʧЦ
ֽһ˳ϣ֮Σյش
һ˲æҪ, ˫ȴ§ס
ҶȻҿɲܱ֤Լ᲻ʲô嶯¶
вĻ˲ʵˡ
ҸղŲǸ㿪Ц𣿡
һ㷢úС˵ңҲ֪жжء
ж㻹󣿡
Ϊļֵ˵ûΪصȥġ
ô֪ǰû
ţ˲ü㻹˭
ƲƲ죬ҲЦġ
Ƥ
Сӣſһʱ䡣
֪УȻѾʮһˣϾ͹ȥˡ
ôҲ벻ʮô壬ȻջһλŮѡ
ΪЩʱеϧ֪һʱ͸¸һġ
ȥɣ첻ˡ
֪϶æһ죬Ϣ
ȴҡͷȹ㡣
㵽Ҳ͵ˣ
ҲǡգգۣôоͲҸϽؼң
㣬ҿɫƣ

Ȼͷ̶ֲõЦ˵һۣΪʲôĸԸ
ô˵޵ܸӡ
εºһŮôأ
̲סƣ㿴ĵˣ
˧
ҵİôǳ
ȻΪأ
һԻ޵Ѫˡ
Աɫ̲סʧЦ
ҿЦģôҲ̫˰ɡ
԰ѧᶺˣ
Ҳҡæҡͷǻȥɡ
һߣ
վһѽ§뻳ָǯס°͡
òҪɣ
û꣬Ѿ

ʶֵţȴֱӷ
ǰ֮ǰ.ôõ⸱£ԭǸǿħ
Ʊ׵ûɴ˵ֿ̧˫§סĲӡ
ܵĻӦ޸ӵʧأ˫ֽϸǵѷ֡
һ̣űˣԶߵƺߺ

ް͵Ժ󣬱뿪ˡ
ƺܲ죬ǰ춼סģô첻ˣ
ѵΪ˽ˣ˴ظкʸУ
ԽԽ÷ѽ⡣

ϣ𴲺׼ȥ˾ˣվھǰʱ˶ܻ㱣Ϊо˳ֲʵΡ
ЦΨһ֪ƻˣһͷϢ
Σһ𣿡
ţҳɹѵˣá
ЦĻظΪеˡ
ףҸ֣쳤ؾãúϣӡ
㼪ԡ
ҿ㻹ھ͸Ӱ
Ҳǲԡ
ֻͷЦҡҡͷ밮̫ˡ
ҪŵʱƵֻͻȻóһ޴ġ
ι
Сſڡ
õģҸҪš
˵䣬ֻЬȲ˵ˣġ
Ҵҳţһ·ɱųߡ
ôЩ꣬ûһ̾ôյķ紵϶Ǵůġ
ƺܿСſڡ
վڳԣһɫװ
Ϻá
ǰȻظк
ǸսԵʣоر𲻺˼֮ǰġ
ʲôû˵һĲ
⧲ľٶƵĶȻ©һġ
ӦɫҪˡ
ָ˰͡
ϳһӵݸһһһƿţ̡
¶ϲ
ѹȥʱϲҪԷ˵ʱٳԡ
ԭĴ㡣
ڴش˷У㡢嵰Ȼˮ
νӪʢ
Ҳ֪ôΪһѣҪٺҡ޻˵
ô٣
ʲôĲõĵطֱӸңʲôԣʾΪҿܲ²͸˼
ѵ㲻֪ŮǿķǵıŤ𣿡
û̸ô֪
⻰Ƶϳһ˿ϲ־òš
Ĵû̸𣿡
㿴ʷḻ𣿡
ȷ˵ҭˡ
ʮس˳ǣͰɡ
𣿡
ڼҳˡ
ƵͷӦӳ͡
ζôЩŵʡ
һȶôóԡ
𣿡
ЩüԺÿ
ƾܳÿ춼̫鷳ˣ
ֻҪ㰮ʲô鷳ġΪȻ˵
⻰ůůġ
ǰء

ִ﹫˾ȥˡ
ͼƷӣϾҪнˡ
ŵ㣬ƺһʦе칫￪ᡣ
мλãһ顣
ָоһ˿룬ƺǸ˵ÿ͵Ĳͬһˡ
ÿλʦ˵µļƻֵʱ֣ơ
Ǹ˲һģҲ֪˵ĹϵҲġ
ƺ޶һۣ۵׵ϷŲ䡣
ŵվԼļƻ
ĻԷ֣ı°һ˿Ц⡣
ƵĹ˾ǵľˣΪĻܾ
ܺãŬ
Ƶı棬صͷûۡ
£˿
Լ˾
Ʊ޵н˰칫ҡ
ƵĳƷøƿ󣬾ϲòС
һˮ״ȻѰƲ֮ͬڣĴԣעɫ꣬ʹ俴ˮӿЧ
Ƶʵĵطڣע⵽˷ֲ˵ϸ⡣
ϣһ֮󣬷мǶʯϿĸWYдר鱦
ⲻר˸ҶƵİɣ
ǡҡҡͷ͵ĸֿȥġ
̵ģ
ʮֲ죬ʣʲôʱ̵ģ
ϡ

ԭûȥǶΪ
ƵȻӿһݲĸӣижϲãҲۡ
Ű취ãģԼϢʱ䰡
ǲһҹû˯
ƴɫ۵ʡ
۵׶ԷһڣȻûϢõӡ
̫˷ˣ˯Ҳ˯ţ顣
Ժɲˡ
š
޵ͷӦϲϲ
ҵȻϲˣԼƵġ
ԣʮس˳ǡ
ϲϲΪ̵ĸ
Ҳϲд⡣
Ϊϡ
޴ùĳΪ˲ϡ
ƴһƬߵЦ
׹΢ƤϣȻȴůůġ

°ȥ³⣬׼޵ĳһȥԷ
ʻĳţƱһӳһõ廨
жأ޶ʵʵصסˡ
ǡģ
ģŰ
޼ɵվǶһ䡣
Ե޹һ
Ҹ׵ʱʲôû׼ڲϡ
ⷽʽ湻ֱеġ
治֪˵ʲôˡ
ѻӳĸʻַŽ
û취ܲһֱŰɣҲ
Ժˣ˷Ǯ
ۣôһ϶ҪǮ
ǮȥԶٴ͸ʵݡ

39

ô˵, ü̸յʻû, ǲԵѵĺְܲ
ⲻ𣿡Ƴգգۡ
ҿ㲻ءȥ, ˵׬ǮǸ㻨, 
⻰, Ʋ𾪡
ôоһ̸, ޵˲ʵķԾ
Ҳ̫˵˰, ﻹֱаĸо
ôͻȻתôࡣ
ʲôвͻͣ
ӿ, ѯơ
ƹ˵ķ
˵ѽʹӦˣ˲һת, ߣȥҼҡ
Ҳ̫˵ˡ
ƶЩӦˡ
ȿȥ˴ͳУΪʳĲˡ
˳ҪߣȻȴһصĿԡ
ûᵽ˼, æ˾䣺ðˣ
ü, ͷʾһԼĸ첲
ƷӦ׹˼
ԭĸ첲
Ҳ湻, Ͳֱ˵
ƹԹ, ȴǱˡ
ԺеԾԣѡ
пԼİԵǻð
֪ˡ
ƹԹԵӦͷ
޵¶Цˡ
ƺúʲôԵģԤʲôˡ
棬ﳵƸԱ, ѡ
޲֪Ȼ뵽ʲôƣҪȻ㿼°ᵽǶסɣ
һ㶣ŸսþҪͬӣ
㡭Цˡ
ˣ񶼲֪ҪĶ
޼
ֲʲôô¸
δŮͬסһ𲻺ʡ
ƹﻹǴͳġ
⻰üãˡ
ʲôˣ
ڴҾ顣

ʮô뵽ⷽأ
ԼҲʮˣȷ˸óɼҵͣƻʮ꣬᲻ͽ̫磿
뵽㿪̸ýʣ
Ʋ̫˼ش⣬˵˳Ȼɡ
ô˵޾ˣʹԽ²ܡ
վͿ쵽ˣҴȥൺɡ
ת̫죬һʱûӦ
ղŲǻ̸۽ôһӾ͡
𣿡
˵ѯ˱顣
ðҹյʱҲ쵽Ԫˣ˾ҪżˣҲϰࡣ
ҵĹ˾Ųż˵㡣
ʼ磬ϴ˵ʲôԡ
˲֪й䵽߲˹ϹһͨҪĵ绰еţȻȥһԽӵ绰ˡ
ͷѡ߲ˣȻһϤ
ôɰҲˣ
һ̧ͷƿ˹˼ѡ
ԩ·խ˶
˵ʲôƱֻ˵ͷ
ѳԵģԼ԰
˼һ䡣
ĿⶢƲϵʯ
ӦòǣǮġ
⻰̲ס뷭ۡ
ҫ˸⻹Ƕϡ¶ó˵˭ûƵġ
Ʋ˼Ѽˣϴͬѧۻһ뿪ˣ˭
ѡ
ػ˾䡣
𣿡˼ѲŵƲ죬ôǮ𣿹Ƶʮ˰ɡ
˵˭ʮࣿ
˼ѵĻһ䣬һŭ
һԻعͷȥһ˧Ҿ徵
˲䣬˼ѵһ
أôгôˣ͸ӻ߳һ
һ£λѣղſ˵ʮλ

˼ѳĬ룬˵ıһ
Ǯô˧ûУ
ϴͬѧۻᣬԭ㿪ȥӵư
˼ѻţ̽ޣ뿴˾ǲ
񾭲ƣ𣿡
Ƶ˵ͷһŹﳵһ뿪ˡ
ǵıӰ˼ѵ¶ŨŨļʡ
ƾʲôúÿѧϰֺãҸѻôǮ

޵ĹԢɳϿӣԼ˳
˰ûҵԼȤĽĿʣҪҪҸæ
˰ɡҲû
á
ƵͷƤ
ŮͬѧȻ޳ʡ
š
ìܣ
ûµģô
ô˵о
ѾͷǴС̫ۣ̬رá
´иоۻᣬȥ
ﰡͬѧҫҽһλôѣ
ô𣿡
ҿɲֵɪˡ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
˵Э֮£һҪԵʱȻˡ
㣬˭
ƺֹһȥš
͸èһû뵽Ȼī
˲䣬εضǶˡ
ôţ
߹ֵ˾䡣
ĬĬ˺󣬡ɡ
ʲô
޺ɵü͸èۿ棬ڿīʱҲ
ôͻȻˣ
ֹţֱӴš
ã֪ڵĹϵͻˡ
īƿƣźǿޣֿվŵơ
ҲòسЦЦ
ʲô£޺ܲطʡ
ҪزˣȾƵġ
޺īô˵ҲǶѣô˵˵˾䣬ҪԷһɡ
ˣȻҾͲˡ
ī֮ĲͬѰô˼µء
ƿƲȰɡ
ݹȥ΢΢ףҾˡ
˵ޣת뿪
޹ţƣҪҪȵ㣿
ûʲôҪףģʲôư
û£ͺ
㲻ǲϲҺȾ𣿡
ڸҵһʲô
û˵ˡ
ȥӹƵһ
ƿⱭƣҲˡ
ǲǾͱĿģģ
һ뵽⣬ƾˡ
ɱ
޾ӳ
Ƹ£ֻһСڡ
һȳԷɣոȾθҲȺˡ
š
޵˵ͷ
ƵľˣСѾͷǹ飬תñ˭졣
극ƻӲȾƵˣΪ־Ҫɱ
ôִţƺǲȻռˣ⻰ôܺ˼ʳأ
ƺ˰뱭޼ôСĽװĵһз
ƺʧ䣬ƾˣϽ˵ûУȻһڡ
޵ġơóѣ۵ӹһĨЦ⡣
СѾͷ̫ˡ
¶ǣ˶κˣؼҿ϶ǲܻˣֻպˡ
׻޵ĵˡ
ȥɳϰţԱ£ҪҪӰ
ҡҡͷͷΣ˯
һ˯ɡ
ְͷԼϡ
Ʊ۾֪˯˹ȥ
޵ͷõ˯գ̲סͷȥ
ԺУƾ͸оһֻԼǿſƤޡ
硭
ʶɤŴ𣬶һ˿Ȼʹȥȹˡ
޵Сֿʼӿ궯޳ָס°ͣ㲻˵ٽ𣿡
ˡ
ƵĿⶼʼɢˣһˡ
޾֪ľԹƵģ뿴Ժӻжɰ
ǰҷڲͬˣŮˣôô
һ¡
ĿƵƻؿڡ
Ҳһ˵û뵽СѾͷȻһϡ

޵ôߣı
Ʒˣ̧һӣ˯˵ˡ
һ˯
Ҫ
Ϊʲô
еģŮģôһ𣿡
Ȼˣⷽʶͦѡ
޿ӣĶҪڻˡ
̲סͷẬסĴ꣬һʼܿܣģȻʼΪˡ
оĺ룬޻Ƶģ
ԼǾܲסò£뽫ֱӾ͵
ԽԽ٣޵Ķͷ϶ʼðˡ
ֻûͣϷһ˳°ڣƤ˽ȥ
ָỮƤʱĸŲһ¡
СѾͷǻȴ֪
޵жɫԼʵ

40


Ȼտʼʱ, ޷ǳܣģԼҪʧ, һ§סϸ, ѹɳϡ
ҵġ
˲, ſҧĴϡ
û˿ζ, סĲغ, ȥ
, ʵмܡ
ްڻ, ܵķʽĳԺͿӶȫϢ
˺ܾúܾ֮, ˵Ĵطֿ
޵Ϣ΢أųһºȻ̧ͷƿ
һ̬ͬĿ, 嶯
ͻȻ, Цһ, ˫ס, ˵ÿ
޻ûüӦѾ˳ȥˡ
󵨣ֱš
޺µĿƲסԼǹ߻ֻһ߬סֹΪ
ˣ׼ٵϷˡ
ۺ뿪Ц˵
С
ᷴ˾䡣
Ǹղ˭ҵģ޹
ȻСѾͷȴܿ, ûһ
˯ƴ˸Ƿ˲ûˡ
ãұȥ˯
ֱӽᱧңȻ˴ϡ
ƵԴԱһᣬ۾˯ˡ
˯ɡ
ϱӸǺãͷͷ᲻뿪
ɴ࣬ް˰ӹֱ£Ȼһգգض
ǰôҲ뵽ԼԭǸ֡
ưҹڿԼĴſһˣһ
Ա߿һյ̨ƣϳޡ
ʶִ˴Դ޻̧ͷΪܣƤš
ôſ˯
ȻҪ˯𣿡ʶ˾䡣
˲ȻŷҲпͷ𣿡
Уͷû㰡һ㡣
⧲⻰Ƶֺݺݲһ¡
ԭģôᡣ
𴽳һЦˮ
ţ޾Ϊˮˡ
ǰܻᵣģһƢãҲԸһһܳô죿
ڣûĵˣΪ޵ıȫ
޸Ƶһº͵ķˮͷۡ
ƺ˿ˮȻź֪ʶԼ޵Ĵϡ
֣ʱǿɳϵôһתˣ
Ϊϴƺ˾ƶƬˣȫǵԼʲôܵĵ˾䣺ûʲôɣ
˵ĳж񣿡

׸ûֻǱģ
ҡƶȻɴ۾
׸ûꣿôܣ
ֵһλŮô߳ܵ顣
㲻ҲûϵҼǵþˡ
޹Сӣ˵վϴȥͷ˯ˡ
ƸϽ֣ͲϽ뿪
СûĵѾͷ
εؿһۣȥˡ
ɽѣϡ
Ĵϣֲʵĸоǻﶼǹɺŵζ

һͣɫ͸ɫɴսɫķůġ
Ƶ˲һţԼϰҪٵˣҴҴӷȥײ޵ϡ
סļһôˡ
ϰడڼˣ


ƴ㵵գգۣȻˡ
ӣЦŵıǼ⡣
ҿǻûѾơ
㻹˵
һǲҹģ
δһǱȻĬˡ
ôôأ

Թ緹һӰһ𿴡
ڱرˣɳϣҲҪƽ§ڻ
ӰʼûӣƾͽӵЦĵ绰ҪҪ֡
Цƺ޽һֱͦģ֪ľǳĩȲԼƳ
ƿһޣܸܲһͲ˰ɣЦ϶²ɫѡ
ãȥĶ䣿
⻰üͷ
ţʮʢſڼ
ӦŹҶ˵绰
ޱȥģƴӦЦвˬ
ôװѣԼȥңˣ
ĲЦŻ˻ĸ첲ƵĿڵҲһ𰡣ôʱ䳤˲Ҫˣ
ǡ޵ЦҿûôϲңھͿʼᷳ˰ɡ

ƺʺ
̨ôŮһ
Ҿǳȥѹֲ֣͵͵
û˵꣬ͱݺݵһۣң
Ҳҡ
æҡͷһʱ䣬ˣҵóˡ
ǿصͷԼǮУ߳һſ
͸֧
ãԼǮ
ԼģԺ󶼻ҵġ
޺֮ǰôˣ֪ƻǼ·µģԾһſʹ
ͬʱҲףƵ̫ǿԸܾԸݸ϶ܵģڲһˣˣǮӦ
˵ҡͷܾˡ
ȻǮܶ࣬Լ׬ģҲ׬Ǯ㲻࣬뻨İá
ôִ
һʱ޻˵ˡ
ҳݰݡ
˵ͷɿسȥˣްѿǿ
ʢ㳡ЦѾˣǰͿȿȡ
ƽȥԺʶѰӰȴôҲû
˵绰ߴȥžͿһλȹ̷Ůֻ
Ǵźȹ𣿡ʶʡ
ǰ
ôͷˣ
ѹôҲҲ
ⲻ¿ʼ𣿡
ʱѾǰ棬ϸһ͵ص˵ͷ˵ͱ֮ǰҪÿ
𣿡
Ц˼Ҵͷƣ⸱ȥСΣ
С⣿Ҫʵģ
ʮꣿ
س˳ǣˣŹ˼ҺӰɡ
ЦƵˣ̲סЦ
ҶģôܸôСģҲóɣ
ʹһ꣬ʲô𡣡
Ц˿ڿȣŴ⣬ɫȻʵϲҴˣԽԽ㡣
ȥҸʮͷɣ˰ܼ̳Ų
˵⻰Ц̲סۡ
ЦOK
ŬŬͣҴ
Ҳ룬ϲʲô취
ֻҪĥ롣
ǵĥۻ軨

Ʋ֪ô˵ˡ
ʵ㻻ҲͦĽģһֱҲıһԼ
ôţǸȥӭδĴ̼أ
ЦֻøŮζһ㡣
˵λϲ崿ѧأ
ϲһҵꡣ
⻰Ц¡
æ˿ڿѹ³嶯󿪿ڶ˵ı䣬Ҿȥ͡
𡣡

Ůº󣬷ʦʲô͡
˵ͷԵóһ㡣
ʦͼѡʽһʱеĲƾ
ͷһ̾ǺüСʱƿԼоһЩİ
ܳɹ
ЦĴָ˵ܰλߵ
Ʋ˼ذһۣĺ֪޻᲻ϲ

Ц˴̳ĵ㣬˲ŷֿ
ƾȥүүǶ˳˼ҳԸ޷ϢԼҪȥүүңȥȥ
һ˵Ҫȥôܻܾء
ȴȥլǰֲϡֲǶգҲ
ȥܼ˵үүڿ㾶ֱȥˡ
û뵽үүȾ˷纮һֱԲϡ
үү԰Ĳȥɹ̫
ûһʡĵġ
үһ¾̾
үүôͻȻ˵ƺܲʡ
ΪҸоԼϹͷˣҲ֪һգˣߵͷҲûһӳɼңôϵأ
үү˵ôĻӲʣһܳġ
ԼԼЩһ˹ˣҲû˵ˣҲá
ү⻰ѹû취үү뿪ܲˡ
ư㿴ʵҲСˣǲҲÿһˣ
˵ӣջתƵƵˡ
룬үүڽʲô̬أǲһӽͷ֮
¶Ʋ˼Լڣֻܵ޹ʱүү˵ˡ
£ƱЦЦүүԵָʱܻġ
үô˵Ҳ˼ǿˡ

ߵ㣬լ
Ƶĵһۣûϳ
ͷˣعЦƵ˾䡣
ôڴһۿʱķӦû뵽ȻĻ
ͷˣҲˡػشһ䡣
ˣæ˵ʵͦƯġ
ŶƵӦĻǺܸȤӡ
״æǸԱߣ˵˾䣺Ҵˡ
֣ëḧƵļ⣬ʹȻһĶˡ
ôҲ벻޻Ằĳƺ
Ťͷװһۣ˵үүң̫ˡ
ôҽүү̹¶ģĥŸҶ󡣡
ȻҲĴ㣬ıŤ˵᲻Ϊʱ簡
ˣҾüϽ֪Ȼ̰顣

顱֣Ϳʼˡ
ȿȿȡ
һүŹȽˡ
ô˵ʲôĻأ
ʮ飬һϽԱߵĵɳϡ
޿һۣڵүүл˵
ȳԷɣʲô˵
Ƽæϣ̸Ǹ⣬öΰ
үȴڵȻҲҪʲôֱ˵ɡ

41

Һڽ
ûˮ, ֱӽ⡣

һ˲˼ž
ƽŵؿүү᲻ᱻͻȻϢŵ
ò˼ҵ಻̫ðӦίһġ
, Ƶõ, Ժˡ
ΪԼô˵үүܸ, ˭֪Ȼֳһʹļ׵ӡ
ư
үü, ʮֲʣ粻ǿôͿСأ
үү
޲س
ǰһЩ, ô˼Ҷӡ˵زأ
үүô, ڨڨȻһЦ, Щ˼ش
ؿһүү, ı¶Ŀ̰ӡ
֪ƾȻ˵Ȼһ㣬һֱܺãҸʱͺչҡ
бҪ˵ǰǸȻ
ʲôʱʼģ
ү֮ǰƸ̾ʱ򣬻û˵ŹСʱ, ôذը
һ, үүǵһ֪ġ
⻰, үӵڳһ˿Ц, ΪоԼܵӡ
ȻˣһͷǵĻ¶
⻰˲䡰⡱¡
ŸսҪ飿
ϽʹɫܾүүȻͷ˵á

ƺˡ

ƹɢ֮޴ӱȥˡ
ʮµʮֺ, Ȼ߹˼£Ҳܸоǡ
һȥޣүү˵飬ôܾ
ΪʲôҪܾҲôġ
Ƶı˲䶨ס
ҭŷ˵ô𣿡
㣬㲻˵˳ȻҾҲԡ

Ҳ
·¶ţУƯŵĳӣڹ֮з衣
޿Ȼ濪ڵһһңңÿܵһۿ㣬˯ǰĶͷ˵Ҹġ
ϵ˵ţдһ˿㽣ﷺᣬ˸Ө
Ȼ顱£оܲףʶ޶ˣƷ㹻εġ
޻ͷƸҲ㣬۽ȷΪʱ磬Ȱ˵ҲҪ׼ǳ綼Ҫģһ֡
ĬȤĻ̲סЦˡ
Ŀԣ˴˵ĺƵһ𣬽ëƺײ
ƿ۾øÿ졣
ͻȻǰƽһ
£Ǽⶼһ
Ƶ͵©һġ
ڣúʱ⡣
㲻ǶӦүүҪ𣿡
˵Ϊڶܽ飿
ҡ
ƾԼеɵˡ
ܽܵģʱүүô˵о̾Ҫˡ
ȥǶסɣҲýˡ
ͻȻֿڵ
Ҫǰͬ𣿡
ҲǲԣϾѾʮˣϵĳ嶯ǲɱġ
⻰Դ˻Ĥ˲ˮضʡ
һŵı飬̲סʧЦ
յǰвȰ㣬ھʹӦҵ飬Ȼ

һбİ취ӦԿ
أ
ֻǹʲôû˵ͷȥ
ģƿʼоԼ˼άĳ룬κġ
ȵ˫ַ֮ʱƵСѾ罿һ޵ǰ
𴽽ǣıǼ⣬λһ㡣
죡
ߵõ
ڱ·ϣ˾ôö֮ؽǣһʶײҪҪˡ

Ȼ޺ȥסԼĵߣ˵ʲôͬ⣬û취ֻܰͻؼˡ
Һϴ˸׼£СͻȻʼʹ
æȥϴּ鿴ˡ
еͣΪ۵ԽԽˡ
ƸԼ˱ˮһ꣬Ȼȥ£ſ˯žͲʹˡ
Ҫֻ£޵ĵ绰ִ˹
ĻƵϸֳԼδЦ⡣
ͨ˵绰û뵽һĻϰ
ĻôãƵ￴ջ
С˲һ죬ͷʵҿƵĿİɣһģ
šüϵʮʹ졣
һֻһֲͷȥҰԡ
ġ
ƺܲӵػ֣ŵˣ˯ˣ˹
޲ü˼Ҫҵ绰ôôͶͷˣ
вˬҲûԹƾ̫СŶһǹ˰ɡ
ôһ£ѵͲΪʲôôżҵ绰
ģҲû˵ʲôžͰѵ绰ˡ
ҵôɴ࣬Щ
Լ˯þˣ

˺þòԺ˯ţȵڶ첲𴲣ֶֿʼˡ
ÿ£۵ܲˡ
ԤֹҩƸϽȥһƬ
׼ʱ֪ԼͣҲûԷֱӳˡ
ϳֳڵѹеͣ޽ƺ˵ӡ
û˯𣿡һ䡣
ƤЦⲻЦس´ã˯൱á
ôģ
ԣʲô£ȴŴһ
ù޾һǰ۶ȥˡ
֣ôˣ
һ·ϣ޶ûڸ˵һ仰
ﻹоܲأŹҵ绰ôˡ
˱Ť˾˳ֱǰߣͷҲûء
޿ıӰҧҧ
˵Ҳ˵ǰɣ

˾İ칫ҺֱӴ˵ԣʼ
ֹҩûǺģ˺Ͳˣά߸Сʱ
ûһľ˵ҪƷᣬȥһ˹湫˾Ǳߡ
ץĹȻ򳵹ȥˡ
һ綼ģҲ˵ΪʲôʱƷϢһԷ
ϢȥãҲûأ޸е֣ȥİ칫ſһ߸ûˡ
һʲŵ֪ȥ湫˾ˡ
޿ʱ䣬Ӧûûæ꣬ȥһ緹ٴع˾
һϵķͣѾ֮Ժˡ

æ湫˾ߵ㣬׼뿪û뵽ԩ·խ˼ﾹȻҲĹ档
ϴޱȵ¶ɫȹϻѬױȥŮһ
ڹ˾Ĵһ棬͹𴽣¶ζЦ
Цݣ﷢ëоҪŪʲô۶ˡ
˵㱻ԭĹ˾ˣ֪Ķ߾ˣ
˼סƵȥ·װ
Ҫæ鷳һ¡
ȻشҵⰡ
˼˫ֻأһ顣
Ķйϵ𣿡
Ȼˡ˼б𴽣޳ܵ˵Һȥ鷳
ǡ
Цδ̫߹Լıˡ
ֱӴԽߣ˭һסĸ첲
ϴθһƻû㳤԰
⻰оܺЦһģضѣΪԼֻˣ
бٴһΣﵽǼء
ƻû˵꣬ͱܻشϣвң
ֻ˵ʵ
Ҹ㣬һ˼ﲻ
˵Ҫƣȴڰ¡
˵ʱʱ죬ţƵһַֻɿ̧𣬺ݺݵϡ
һж̫ͻȻû˼޷
һģлᣬȻһֱӦﻹͦܡ
ƿԼĻ˼޺΢Ц¡
Ӽ˻ҧء
ȻºͣҲ׸۸ôҪȥ
˼ﲻԼҧѵһƣȴ߽һˡ
ɫװȽ羫ĵ̣£η
˼ؿ߽ᵽٵĸо
ȻȴߵƵߣһ§ס
ҵŮҲ۸ģ
ϬĿŻ˼˾档
˵
군ˡ
ղĿһУŮҪִƣ̳ģû뵽žͿ߬ס˶Է󣬷ָһơ
ʶôһοСҰèƵһ档
Ȱ뿴ʲô֡
һֱȻ˼ҪƣŽ
޵ͻȻ֣Ҳͦġ
һ㽵٣ˮ֮С
˼ô˵ҲǼ˴ˣϯϣǹһ۾Ͷ϶ǳˡ
ֻôʶôأ
￪ʼˡ
ø˷ʲôݻԣֻҪһ绰ô򵥣ͱɱˡ
ת뿪ͷۻ˼ϾȻ˴δйĻҡ
ԭҲẦ°
źݻʱ򣬺첻µزء
޴Ϻǰ۸㣿
ǡ
ƺ̲סʧЦ
һģͳũ帾ŮƵġ
ǰһƣղһȥˡ

42

Ƹ, ﻹͦΪҰû뵽, Цͷ˵͸, ˭۸ȵġ
㲻еü, Ҳ֪ôݡ
ҡҡͷ, ʲôǶԵġ
һ֧Լ, ʲôվ, ĸоð
, Ժٷ£һҪҡ
޲ĵؽһ䡣
ϣʲô鶼Լ
á
ƵͷӦ, ̲סʣӦòҳͷɣ
㲻˵ģصǾͰɱ¡
Ѿˣɲưװױ۸
ʲôʱ˵
ƺֵطʡ
޻һ£ƺȷû˵ǾǰŮģ֪ʲôġ
޲˵, ƺɵشʣ㲻ǰͺʲôɣ
ôܡ
̷, 㿴Ǹʶ𣿡
ô֪
־ϼ, Ҳǲˡ
, ƲɳһЦ
Ҽǵǰ˵Ů˶ǹĿƭҵİ
Ҳȫֲմ
ô˵ɣ쳤ϣô˵ô˵
⻰
СѾͷƢ˲ٰ

Դ޸֪үү˽¶ԺƵһֱʱӵĵ绰
ֻתһܵʱȥ, ҲûκζѲүүû˵
˵Ҳãûȫ׼ü˶֪
ԽԽ䣬һ轵üȡ
ڼ֯˸֣ѴҽйԣϾʼûڼҵա
ǸԢ̫С˶Ǳѵص㶨Ƕ
Ͷֱ˵绰ǶͬƽָЦ
ЦҪڼҳԻʶ˾䣺Ҳȥ𣿡
㶼¾Ҫ¼Խֻ˵ԽŲ¡
ţ˵öԡ
Цͬ⻰
ֲǰŮѵĹϵʲôεģ
ȥȥ˭˭

ƺ˻ߴ绹ж飬ʱ䳤ˣָ˵ʲôˡ
ʱ䶨㣬ƴĵͿʼæϴˮȻϴ߲ˡ
Ի׼ʳһ̫ϴˡв˺鷳
̨ǰбƬһ˫ĴӺ滷ס
㿴ãÿһ
޵ıĶߣž͵صͷҧĶ
˲䣬Ƹоһɵͷܵ˽¡
תͷһȵĿ⣬̷һ档

Ȼ̩ʱ
شҰ
֮ǰ˵˲ô
ԭԵϻǺԼ̬ȵġ
εصͷҲǿˡ

ģ칫˾¶Ǻܶࡣ
޺һڳϴˣԼȥҲ࣬ݣǿ˾䣬ҪҰæ𣿡
ˣ磬ȥɳſӰɡ
ƻͷһЦ
޼޽Եķ˿üҴ˶
ĵľٶ¶⡣
ƺһЩè塣
УҾͲˣż
ζ˵꣬˳ȥ
ƺܴǻ̫Ծޣôо֪ˣû˵ɣ
ɵѾͷ
ʧЦŵĶͷ͵ͿҶ˼ˡ

ƾˣôģҶû֡
Թ壬û𣿡
ôҲûңһֱġ
ص̫ˣҲû˼
𣿡
ڨЦ£ȷͦԼµġ

ڿӣͻȻˣ߹ȥţŷվŵǡЦ
˵ĿһۣЩڣЦȴЦȿ˵ҴСϺһ
á
ͷ˿ա
ЦȥѴӵݸȻЬ
ΪڽţЬʱһֻûվȣԱ¡
ԵַסЦһ޳֣ĵ׷⡣
лл
ǿ¶΢Цֹ򶨵ؼЬ
ӦһȻ̴˻⣬ͷˡ
ţͦÿİɣ
̧ͷһʣĵЦʮֻۡ
ÿ
ͷȥСϺ¡
Ц뿪Ȼ˿
Ȼװٴ󷽣νҲǽܵġ

СϺЦɳϣ˾䣺ʲô׿ˮϣ
㲻ùܣԼС
Ц鷳
ͷһԵĵɳϡ
ͻȻЩˣЦ۾ֱŵĻǺڿʵ߷ʲô֪
ȳԵˮ
ƶ˹һ̷ŵǰ
Цӣ˿ƻ˿Ҳ԰
á
ͷҲ˲ӡ
ӣЦоɵɵġ
һȻҲˣһֻè
ֻèèëǻɫģ˳һ˫۾ԲµµģŹ⣬ͣתһͺܾ
ƽй˵Ѽҵģ죬⹦򣬽ɡ
ûè
ǰ㲻ǾιèҼǵүүҺԺèеġ
Ʊ龽һ£ǲһιè͸Ͷʳڼøèϴ裬èɰҰҪϰ࣬Ҳûʱ䰡
ô˵ЦԸվ
һֱϲèҲΪûʱ䣬ȥ¾һʱ䣬ֲè񫡣
УǸɡ
Ȼè£ŴţèųЦ֣ȸ׽׽¸顣
ЦսսؿʵſǶèԱߣ̧ͷʣץ˰ɣ
Ӧòᡣ
ȻҲȷ˵Цģֲһ䣺ץҲû£ˡ
Цʮ
ʱ߹èëû뵽Ȼرܵ۾
磬ҸоֻèȽϲ㡣
ϲҲûãûʱ
䣬ƾǱкˡ
Էˡ
ȥǰ£èŵشԼſǶ
Цϰʮֲˣ⡢ëǡϺӦоУɾ
ȥԻʢǶλˡ
ʲô
Ƴգգ۾˵ſ԰ǧ
ôоŮƵġ
Ȼԣ٩˵һ䡣
ʶޣ㿪˵ҸһˣԺǵĵˡ
ҿ
Ȼһʲôʱ¶
ƺܲ˼ЦЦ
⣬Ʊ˵Ǹףһǣճɾ
ԡ
ЦҲž˱ӡ
ȻޣѹһֱôãԭĿĲ
˵ǰǵضãڣһӡ
⻰˶òС
ȻƲƲ죬оԼûʶܵܡ
ȱˣԻɡ
˲ˣкǳԡ
©ףЩ⣬ЦӣòԵȸ
ллԼͺá
ЦôãΪֻҸȼ
򴽣û˵ʲô
ʲôʱ鰡Ȼְѻ⳶صϣүүҸҶˣǾܴˡ
ô˵ʹ綼ûᣬܸǰ𣿡
ǲߣҪңɴˡ
Ȼ⻰˵꣬Ÿһ䣬Ҳǡ
Ц֣ĪһӴϣ֭Žֱ
üЩĵؿ
ô꣬ܲ˽˵ͺѰ쵽ڿ϶Դ˼ҲᷴӦôҡ
ֻˣȥϴּ䡣
ЦװȻЦЦ뿪λ
ڣæ磬ôҲǲ߰
Ȼǲߣ֪ˣҲǲŮ̸˲٣ǲ顣
ǵ͵ľӼҺˣ˰
ʲô˼Լһڵ㣬ȻǲһãȤ
ţ޲ͬü㶼ûȥѰȤѲȤԼ
⻰˵
Ȼ˿ھƣ˵磬ҲһˣҲ鲻ڣܱ֤㲻ǿ˼ҺӶĽˣ˵ǿܰļͥġ
һֱġ
ĳЩ棬Ȼȷúͨ͸
ȷʵϲСӣҲӵԼСֻǿͽͣܲΪӣҸŮ˽ɣԺҲƽ
ԣ㻹ǺúĥһԼôİɡ
Ȼļ˵ӣɱ
𴽣˵һûͨ͸
׵ˣ㻹ߡ
ûٲ˵죬һֱרĸ̲ˣò֡
Цʱصλϣʶһ䣬û°ɣ
ʲô¶
Ц赭дػش˾䡣
Ȼȴ룬ȻϲΪʲôҪأ
˵һͷβĴˣ˭˵ġ
ʲôʱ鰡
ȻĿתЦ
£ȻʶԼ

43

Цûôԥ, ɵػشһ䣺кʵҲУûеĻǾһӶᡣ
ѵĻشȻЩĿ࿴ˡ
Цž, , Ҿһ
ȻŮˡ
Ц±, ͷһ
Ա, ڲͣ², , ѬƤ̺졣
޿һ, 󿪿ڵЩҪȥൺȼ١
ȥǱ߸գ
һֱƵա
š
޵ͷ, ҪҪһ𣿡
Ӵ
Ȼʮ⣬ôǸŵˣ
˶ְ
Իô˵ʵΪƵǡ
˱ϾŸսȥһڣ˵, Ҳ, үү, ˼ô, ԲͬδŮԳеġ
ǰãȥΣ趼һ𣬸˵ˡ
Ϊ˱鷳һɡ
Цţؾ֣ȥһ˲ǵˣ
ôһ¡
, ̶бЦſʵ磬ûǴĻǱһȼٱ԰ɣ
˼סȥ
룬϶סġ޳գգۣŲɫ
ʧЦǻͷҰԿ׸㡣
㲻ȥ
ȥ
ղЦ˵Ҫȥ϶ǲȥˣ˳ϦദΡ
Ԫû¶ڼҴҲġͼȰ˵
Ϊ
Ȼһʳָ£粻ȥȥ
㣿
޺⣬ѹûȥ
ҲҲû𣿡ȻЦǾƻһ˶ԳΡ
⻰ϳһ˿
Цû뵽Ȼȥƾݵ˽⣬Ӧòϲ沨ˡ
ʹ飬һȥ漸졣
Ц÷˼ӣϵ˵˾䡣
ͻȻҲͦģԶΪԸ

óһ˿ƣ˵þûˡ
ƵƼһ򶼺ãϽ˺󣬰ЦƳȥ򡣡
ЦȻƼԣֵһǸ̵Ĵڣôù
ȴԣеĻϡ
ЦպȻĶ棬ôȻһˡ
ư˸ӣЦ޳ʹɫȥСѾͷȴװ
һַƣЦõ˫ЩƲסش
ΪԼץһƣ϶ܵһߣȴӮǰˣĶҲˣʣ
Ц˲Լߵһ»б˵¶
ۿԼﻹƣСղѾӳȥˣʣ¼ŲСƣ̬ˡ
źۼشһЦ飬ӳȥһ3Ц۾˲һæС5ӳȥˡ
غҲ֪ԼôϡͿӮˡ
޺Ȼһۣεҡͷ
ˮҲŵ̫ˡ
Ȼˣλøƣ˵ԼҪˡ
ư͵ſڣһ˯ŵèʣ治
ţãȥҪ
Ȼ˵뿪ˡ
ƻصλϣԼŵЦϽ˵磬Һһ϶Ӯġ
վЦĶ档
ЦҲƢģйӴ˵첻ˣѾͻȥ˯ˡ
⻰ǹ˵ģ֪ٵˡ
˵ͷʼơ
Ц͵͵ɫһĵƣĵװ̾˿
治֪ôġ
һѣЦץһֵƣ֪Լ϶ӮˣǾԱˡ
Ĵ£ǵûһߣӮˡ
Ϊһֱڸƣ·
Ц룬ʵҲǸߵÿ°һ㡣

ԺЦˡ
شè׼Žè뿪֪èŪ˻èܵ˾ţ֮צֱ¡
Ц۵þèȥ
ôˣ
ļƼæ
ڿֱѪӡʱһ
ӵģ
šЦεصͷ
⻹ûʼѾٸˡ
ϽȥҽԺȥ
ãԼȥˡ
ɴС𲻵һ°Ʋĵؽ
֪
Ц΢ЦŸè˳˳ëȻŽè
ں߿ţ˰ΣҪ˲Ÿȥ˵ȥҽԺɡ
á
ЦֱӾܾ첽ߵǰ°ť
ǿˡ
˵⻰ʱô򿪡
Ц첽߽ȥҲ˽
һֱһɻûз
¼ƲסԼƢˣ²˾䣺
˵ûܵģܲܲҪң˹ʲô£ǳԱ˳ŵġ
һģŸպʱ򿪣վϴүһµؿˡ
ЦΣϽӵȥǶоöԡ
СӣŮѳˣ
үһ˵̬ȣְο˵Ů˺һͺˣǧҪ鷳
ҡ
֪ôͲźá
ˣϽȥ׷ɣŮҿɲˡ
ô˵ʵǿЦá
ôһλĳϴүˣ
ӵȥ߳¥ЦӰˣСſڣſ·
ô죬ʹ˼£ﻹһèֿġ
ѳͣԱߣϳ
Цһۣȥˡ
ΪͨˣܸԼȥ·վһ춳ɱˡ
Ŷ
СèͣڽУЦЩꡣ
֪ԼԸʺè֮Ȼˡ
˿յů磬Цʼůˣ˶ܳĬû˵
󣬲Żڵղ˵û˾ǲᶨ
Ц£ʲô˼
Ҳûͣ˵һ󣬾Ͳ׵ִУһֱĽ޵ģΪ׼ʲôʲô
Цô˵̲סʣðһǰŮôֵ𣿡
ļ̫ͥѹ
Ϊֵ֣swƬ׶C.C.S
ţôʼԱгҽҲûˡ
Ŷ
ЦӦŤͷ⡣
ʵͦĽǸŮģô˵ٵõİֻûϧˡ
Ӳ֪пҽԺЦѾԼ˵¶ˡ
ͣóԺ󣬾˳
èͷų𣿡ЦЩĵ
Ȼèץˣǵ
ҪģҴҲԡ
ˣ鷳ˡ
Ц˵˳

ҽЦһ磬ԤȾڴʱЦüͷûһ£룬һǿŮ
ϳЦСèһֱڽУüֹôоء
⻰˵꣬ŻȻʶȻ͸һֻèèèɰèͷɶĶûУ
أǸԼһ鷳
Ҵȥ˳ꡣ
˵
Ц̾˿Ҿ
ҪҴؼ
㲻˵㹤æûʱ𣿡
һĥҲǣ˵ҾͰȻ
ᵽȻЦֵʣ˵ҲôĵˣôӦ˼èأҲûұˣҵƣȽϷĵˡ
ڻʲô
ͨôģֻϲŮ˵Լǲߣìܡ
ϲһ˲ͻܴɹʶء
ЦԱ˵¶ȤŶû˵
꣬ЦڵԱĽ˺ܶèҪĶŮرţһͣˡ
ڸʱͳԼĿˢЦȴһֻɨ롣
ڶֻɨ븶ˣûˢˡ
һ䣬ŪЩΡ
ʱĲ
ֵܲõģˢȽϷݡЦ˵˾䡣
Ц£û˵ʲô
èǮҵøܷܵ΢ţұϳЦֻ˵һƬ
Цô˵ʶ˾䣬ʲôʱ΢ˣ
ϴγȥʱ򰡣
š
ûټ׷ʡ
ЦƬȻܿͻˣȻתһǮ
ϸм㣬п
ܳ󷽣ֱӾһ򡣡
һˡ
ЦĿһֵۣ˵ƢԸȫһ
˭ã
ϲ㣬أ
Ц䷴ֱƿˡ
ǰδӴԸ̹ʵŮʲô˵

44

Ц˺, ƴʰϵĲо֣ȴɣ˵Сʱɨ
, Ʊȥ, Ȼȴ˵ô, , Һ˾Ҳܿ㡣
ûϵ, Ҵ򳵡
ܷģ
ʼ, ҪϽѧˡ
Ǿ͵ѧ˵, ס
˵ʲôҲߡ
û취ֻ
˸Ƿ, ѳȥ˵Һϴ˯ˡ
˵Ȼʶ
ûлϴ·ǻؼҰɡ
ûϵ, ҵġ
˵ȥһİɫ
ûĸ˲ϲջ, ȻҲ, ĺ뿴ƴϺʲôӡ
Ȼȴܺ, һ۵ôɫ˼룿
ʲôˣЩЦá
룬ҲϾ궼ʮˡ
ƵĿⲻȻת£˵Ǿȴİɣš
޼ͬ⣬ȥԡˮݸ衣
ĳоʮ֡

ϴһ, ƾͱŴͷȥˡ
ɳǰ£𴵷ʼ
ͷɣҲԽԽ
ľ޲üоıӰʶƵġ
ôͻȻ뵽ͷ
Ϊһ㣬վԱߣԵ̫ϰ
ɲء
ԭǺˡ
ôˣѵòÿ𣿡
Ƽװ˵ػͷʡ
Ϊ̫ÿˣҲŲˬڽϣ˶͵͵㡣
ѵҲͷ˾Ͳ͵𣿡
û뵽ôš
վԼĳҽ˯ͷ
˯ҵĴ
޿ָĶߵҵĴִ
˵ߣԸеͳƻ¶һ
Ȼһ£˵˯ͷĴͦõġ
˵Ҫѿ˭֪һӴӺ߰ᱧˡ
ﰡ
㵵۾
ȥҵĴ˯ǹһĨЦ˵

㲻֪ǲ֪˽¶ͻȻƴ绰ؼҳԷ
°һͬȥˣһ֣ŨŨЦ⡣
ͯŮǰ䡣
ﰵţٲȻƵδϱˡ
£ָͷүү˵ˣ;ڽ
š
Ʋ˼Ӧʶޡ
ƦŶȣϴζЦ
үүʹˣԲǸϽɼңģ׻ҪȺúܵ£δ
һʮָж
ȻͯӰ˲ҵ컹Ǵҡ
ʱƮѩسнĵһѩȻڲ֪нˡ
޴Ƴȥѩ˱ȥ˻԰
ĵһѩ̫ͻȻ
Ż԰ģһȦһȦţͷŽµѩƤȥȡ
Ƶģ޵вֳЦ⡣
㻹ǵǰһ˸ѩ𣿡
ǵá
Ƶ˵ͷһ˵ٶһɡ
ѩŸ£õȵʲôʱ򰡣
˵Ҳԡ
޸˽죬Ҫ
ƵͷԼȹһŽӡȻЦˡ
Ųȹĺۼǰߣ·ܵʱڵ
ѩԾţȴԽϸˣɴĦƵϸ춼һŲţϵѩһǳһţȥ̤ʵ
ЩӡµĽӡģӰıԵĽɫϸâ
һֱ湻ˣ޲ŴȥĳСѾͷ鲻ԸģŲȥ
ԸȺƺһ˸Ͻһ롣
޲ȣ˵ȥ¥鷿һˣֱˡ
ߺƣܸ̣߰Ϊʲôϲ𣿡
磬ҺܺãҸսžͺҡ
Сںߵػش
ʵǵᱻ۸ϾĶӣ˽ƢʱͷţһȽºܹͣ
ô˵æżƢһ㣬ʱǺܺõģ˭鲻õʱ
š΢ЦŵͷֻҪúõľͺá
˵䣬ʣǸŮôˣ
ţ
ϴθ˵ǸЦġ

ڨڨȻЦЦί˵Ӧò硣
𣿡
ıһЩʧ
ʱˣֱ˵ҴȥൺͶҲȥƵĹ۹ȥҲȥĻҸƱ
ۣҸղʵǸŮ𣿡
תͷƣ¶ϲ
Ƹһͷ̵Ҳȥ
ޣ
ľֻǿһ¡
ҲҪȥܸˣֻǡ
񲻻ȥ
⻰һġ
û£Ҹ绰
ġ
ΪТ˳϶ͬ⡣
ȵϣ͸˵绰˵Լ岻ʣȥȼɢģüӶţȥĻźġ
һʼͬ⣬ĥ˰죬ջɿڴӦˡ
ƴǶ֪ҲȥϢ̸Ци׼
ЦϢʵܸˣϾôϲô˵أܸദͺܿġ
ٳǰһ죬ЦèȻʮָл⼸İæ͸һȫİ
ЦòУֱ˵Ժ㲻мֻè͡
Ȼʮس˳ǡ

ӣڻϡ
ȥ㣬һġ
ֻɫĳ£Ϲˮī˿ʮس
ЦΪΨһˣæǰк̺á
úƯһɫ֯ȹ򵥵ش˼ɫĴ£̷ɢϻžµŵױԵʮ
֮ǰӡܲٴμʮص˵ͷ
á
ĿⲻЦײϣЩȻرߡ
֮ǰΣ˼
Ƶĸ첲һЦ죬˽һŮ
ЦԸԭͺܴ󷽣ԺӦ磬ʮּӷ֡
ΪˣܸоѾͷ鴿⣬οƵĺѣƷ϶ȥ
˷ɻƺˣȻҲһ£ôֻʣһ˫λ
ʿЦЦߵĴ£˿λϡ
װߣ˿
ѽղһֱںĸദС໹ͦŵġ
ŻûɣϽóֻ΢ƣ
ҸղŵıΣ
֣
ƽŸظ
һԾƣ顣
ϱƯ
̵룬ͷ
һֱֻСһĴֻ̣Ϊ˱Լ
ûϵһ죬ĥϵЩ̣һֻСŮˡ

45

ɻʼ, ƵĶﴫһ󡰺¡¡
ںܶ˵ɻʱĶ˾úܵģö, ͷΡ
ǰɻë, û뵽λǡ
һü, ˫ָס, Ȼ§˻
ٶͦõ, ƵĶӵ, ľͿʼˡ
Цͷһ, ĽظпѾǺá
, ֻĬĬԼĸ첲
һü΢΢

سеൺҪСʱʱ䣬£ó豾ͼЦý, ƽдһЩ, һЩƬƵϴ, ׼, һιԣƷ
ŮôڷܣԱߵǶλ硣
־߲ԱһƳЦдһֽɺдʲô
Цеزڶʶ̧ͷȴպײ
۾, оһ޴һڽȥæĿ⣬̧𣬼װҴͷ
ʱսˣѯȵʲô嵭εա
֭ллЦ˵
һȡ
õģԵȡ
ս΢Цףŵһ֭ͿȣֱݸǶλ
Цȥֶһѳ֭£ּдˡ
սȥһš
ƻ棬ţԿս˰֣ʾǲȡ
սȻͷȥȻۼ£ŵطűֽ
ͷȲҲֻǡ
дʲô
һڿȣѯЦ
ּ¼һЩ
Ц赭д˵˼̫塣
΢΢üҲû׷ʡ
ս㷢Ʒÿһݾµ㡣
ЩĶЦ԰ɡ
ҳôģǾҲ𣿡
ô˵ȴѾӿˡ
ЩεʧЦ
ţڻͼ޿
һʽ򵥣ȴʡ
ϸ˿ʹԭʲô
ţûʵ˼
мѧΪļ֣
ߡֱߡߣдߡϸߣʵߡߵȰ
ƻشоѧ˰ɡ
ԣʹõԭʲôһ顣
ʲô˼üлֱ˵𣿱̫߹ҵ̡
ûи߹̣û뵽㻹ܼˢҶ̵ʶ
޿Щ˵
ţƲԹߵصһۡ
ˣһҲɰ
ô˵ԼŮѵġ
ЦǰźǶλ죬в¶Ľ
˰˸պҲϲ
ĽظпȻԼθһ󷭽̲סҪ³
Цվ˵ҳȥһ¡
˿գЦҴȥϴּ䡣
ע⵽ղüθ²Ӧθ̽ս㣬ҪƬθҩһˮ
ЦˮѾһЩˮؿԼСϵҩǱˮô¡
ʱڽ͵ҲӦθҿսҪƬҩ
ù˷ְ
Цһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ĬĬذҩˣȻ˵һлл
´û˵
Цģ֪Ҳֻǳ˵徫

ɻغ󣬴ҷ׷׼·ɻ
жʮ϶ȣﳣļ紺ˣĺǶȼٹ۹ʥأǱˮߵá
ԤרӣֱӰ͵ĺ
һʮ׳ķ߾һլĿǰ㡣
Ϊ˳Цƣ˵ǹ
Цţòײŷµһ˲ֽˡ
һһԱߡ
Цǣһ·ûоòɣ
ҾǳЩ󣬸оθᣬǱ嵽ˣҩͺˡ
Цô˵͸¶⡣
ǿҿսҪƬҩŹʵġ
ȴ֪ӣȻԭǸõҩ
š
ЦͷӦ˵رãرаġ
ǿ˺ǵ㣬Ĺϵ
ЦЦƣأҼǵǰλġ
⣬뵽ԼŶ䣬§ڻɾúߡ
֪ô˵λá
Цţ۾¶Ų䡣
ǿʲô

һ·羰ܺãƣԼĺߣһ⡣
ȥǰ˾ȥһұµĲ
Ҳرĵطĵذ͸ģԿˮˮиָССϺڻζ
Ц˼Ƭ㿴һ˾䣺ϲհ
ҾġЦڨڨȻһЦ
̻֮εʱļء
ȻðЦ̲ס˵һͼĺʾͺãֻҪѷ羰һ¾С
⻰˵ĻŭţЦĺø˲ࡣ
ƯԸãŮϱð
Ц£ƵͷС˵˾䣺ҿδŸ㶨ˡ
˵ʲôء
ЦЩ˼ʵǱĿġ
㲻㶨Ҳаܳɹ֮һɡ
ƣЦЦ˵ʲô͵ʲô
õģ̡
Ц˵ƣʲô
㿴ŵͺá
ˣܵô
Ц֪֮еģæѲ˵ơ
Ҳ֪ʲôãְѲ˵ޡ
Ȼ۲һĻ뿪Ц˵˾䣺һ¾ܿͥλˣǵ˶ңԺôư
⻰ˡ
˵ңûȻ
Ű̵˵ʲôأ溦
͵͵ȥȡ
˳ס֣࣬Ȼȴɫ
ͼȴô
ԽԽһߵŲˣһд֣Ұ㡣
Ʒֱдʲôߺ
Ȼֻж̶֣ȴһӴĵط

극ĺʱѾƻ裬Զϼ졣
ⶰǵ͵ʽԶԶȥԶεӳԵûֺ
棬ΪǼ򵥽²֣˵ѾԤ˸ʳԼʳʳ֮ģʱԡ
ֱܵЦ˵˾䣬ӴСϸ˭޸һġ
Цͷϵ˵ǡ
룬ޣ˼ҲȢ
˸ൽ¥ϣƺЦסһ䣬Ȼһ䣬㶼ÿ˵һ䡣
Ի˵ϡ
ƺЦסǸ泯󺣣ŮһȥֱҪˡ
һȾ޴شԶĺ󣬺ǽܵһ𣬵ƿ߳ȥʪĺ˲˹˲õ㡣
ֱסһƿžӵ󺣣·ӵȫ硣
˵ס׵÷ʪ
˷һǶƣˣȺȥϴˡ
ϴ裬һ黨˯ȹͷɺ׼˯һ
˭
һ⴫޵
ƴţѾTͶ̿㡣
޿ƣӹһĨޡ
ϴƤ黨ȹ磬۾ģȥһµޡ
Ưʱȴ۾˵Ҵ˯ˡ

޲ɷ˵ס֣¶̨
ⶰһ㣬վ㣬Ƭøˡ
վǶԳһ羰ӰڻƻĹ֮УǶ˽Ƶģô׿ԽȻ
Ϊʲôرʵĸоأ
ĿؿͻȻԼƤʼˡ
羰ǺֻȴˣǷ죬Ҳ޷۾͡
۶ˣ޲ɾúЦ
㲻ܴ𣿽ôˣ
뵽Ҫκ˷ܣû˯á
ƻش꣬Զĺ̲˼λˣǴӾ㣬Ͽر͵ӡ
˧Ķð
̲סпһ䡣
Ȼ˵⻰Ҳû˼޵ĶͲôˡ
ͷϵ£̲סв˵ҿɾҪˡ
䣬û뵽ƾȻ͵ϮϷɿһǣžͳˡ
вҪȴռȻ
һ֮ƾվˣһֻ͵ܵè
һĶӵӰȥ׷
㿴ץҪôʰ㡣
һ⻰ŵòᣬ¶̨ɿ¥ݣסķ䡣
ڹ䴦һСĲȿˣ˽һŤֱ泯ˤȥ
ˤŵĲ㶼ˡ
룬æȥŵѯʣôûˤĶ
̧ͷ˵һ䣺ҵĽźŤˡ
ü̽ᱧ
ȥһ¥ĿȻ绰ûε˵ҩࡣ
ܿһҽҩƣšüʣôܰѽŤˣ
ס
ʶҪ˵ʲôƼæסˡ
Ƿ
޼ƶﲻ貵Ц⡣
ҽҩóһҩӸƣȸһĨ
á
޵ͷ˿ʪëס
Ʋ˵ؾ쿴㣬ҽ컹ô棿
ܹ˭ҵģ
ҲΪвȵĺ𣿡
ѾŤˣ˵ЩҲûˡ
޸ᰴĦţҾÿ챳ȥ¡
ʲô壿֪ĻΪҵȲأ
ԣ̲סʧЦСӣʮ˵Ұɣ
а̾ⶼ˵İŰ
˻ּҩͿĨĽĦƷ·ܵϸܵĵԼϴܹ
֪ˡ
һ̧ͿרעŲһЦң

ԭѾǺ˵Ϸ֮󣬸ǺøˣŶڷ̡
˵ˣ˵޵иֳϷʡ
Уˣ̷
޹һЦ˻ʣ۲ˣ
ͻȻúᡣ
ˡ˵ҲʼûˣôᣬܲװͰ͵İɡ
š
޵ͷȷ¡
ƻûӦû뵽һͽᱧˡ
طϢ
ֱӽסķſڡ
ȥ˯һ˯ѸϢóԵġ
ƹԹԵͷƿһȳһյؽȥˡ
Цû˯Ƚɴ㵵ʣǰɣզٸˣ
̫ˣҲա
̾˿ڴϡ
ļô氡
˵ҡ
湻Űġ
пҡҡͷЦ϶ˢˡ
ûһҲʼƤˣԺģҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
ЦǱѵģڳճǼơ
˿ƣ§ͷ˯ǽһ㣬ڱ棬ȥʮջˡ
Цŵ𴲣Ѱ˼¥ȥҵԵģû뵽棬ȻźȾ졣
ЦʶķӦǵͷ˿ԼûŲ
ǲǶӶˣʳģ
Ȼһ͸飬ų̧°ʾһۣóԣŪԵġ
ˣԵʲôľˡ
ܳԱ𣿡
ȻЦ£¥˯ȥˣ㲻Ҳûôˣһ԰ɡ
㲻Է𣿡
Ⱦƾͺȱˡ
ȻŲôûݡ
ʲô
Ц
ʲôԣҲ
ţ棿
ֻɣټţ̫鷳ˡ
û¡
ڣӱȡʳģʼţˡ
ȥӣʳȫࡣ
Ǯ˧Ըã
Ķȥôˣ
Цڲǰ°ͣһרעؿϵЦж໨նȫ֪
һ̵룬˯һֵˡ
˻ֻȻ㿪¼ܣ͵¼
ʵ̫ˣ˽Ҳá
Цû뵽ǣͻȻعͷϲ죬Ժں𣿡
Цࡰ⡱һ£ֻĶôεضǶҲ˼ֱջȥԵø顣
üʣֻô߸
˵ƽֻ
ðɣȷеˡ
Ҹѹ۾ۣõԶһ㡣
Цһ˵˵ģʽ
Ҳ֪ûţ֮û׷ʡ
ЦٷˣȻֻʵʵصţżá
棬ּţţţżԺҲˡ

46

ţ˵Цǰ, ɫЦɾ̾
԰һû
У˵
ǫ˵, ֶһݷŵĶԹ, ȻҲ
Ҷ̫, Ͳˡ
Ц˵, Ȳ˵档
Ǹֵ, ҲǰעʲôŮ
Եô, ͦ, ⲻǶյһϿ
ζֱ̫ˣ
ЦһţţһΪޡ
ллĹ
˵, վȥһƿţ̡
ȻŽרŵĻȣȺúŶ˸Ц
ĵľٶЦĵӿһɸӡ
૵һ, ʵҺҲԵġ
̫, ˯, ϶Ӳ
Ŷ
ЦӦ, ȿţ̣оʽĵס
ǸжЦȻ̧ͷһ䣺ܽûаĻ𣿡
⣬ɻؿ
ЦԥƬ̣˵㵽ͣ϶ٴ߻飬ԡҿԼ޸㣬㲻Ҳûϵ, ͵ϵķޡ
һҪʲôϲ˵˱΢Ļ
ȻЦҲȷ㲻Ҳã㹻
޸Ϊӣ֤ҵĻڱϣྴԼð
Ļסˡ
ôҲ벻һŮ˵Ļ˵ƽ
ȻͼļҲûôЦĬϽֽ˾䡣
Ȼô룬Ҳǻ
ղŵĻҾ͵ûǶϷ
һϸɲɣ˵
Ц⻰̲סûеϷ޸ҾûҸܿ֡
һãһɷΣԶᰮ㣬Ҳúã
Զᰮ㡭
ˡ
Ц򴽣ĬƬ̣ᶨƵؿڵãֻҪܼ޸㣬á
òϣĻ𺳵ˡ
ľȻ˼ֶҡ
ЦͷҲ˵оܾɥ
΢ˣȻҲ̬
׻Ҫô

һߵѾڵóףǴҹˡ
ʶֻʱ䣬־ȻѾʮʮˡ
ʶԱߣЦĴϾȻûˣѵȥҳԵˣ
Ƶ㿪΢ţСʱǰϢ
ѹҴ绰
ûд򣬶ȷ΢ŹȥѾ˯ˡ
˯𣿡
̽Եѯû뵽޻صûͦ졣
ûС
׼¥Էˣ𣿡
ڵ㡣
ô˵ƺܸж
Ҹ°ԡ
һ߸Ϣһ߱Qߡ
Ϣһʱ䣬ԼĽû֮ǰ۵ôˡ
û뵽һųȥ޾ȻҲպôķˡ
˵Ŀնϣۡ
ߵǰ۽һͷ˿ڡ
ƵĶӻڡ๾ࡱĽУͣڳճǼơ
ôˣ޲ĵʡ
Ҹоܺˡ
ɪ
޶ϸ˿׵ȷûôˡ
ұ𣿡ѯ˾䡣
á
ƺ±˭ײҲԵ̫ˡ
һַһ֣СĲ¥ӾڶԴϷүһ
׼óԵģȻһ棬˾ͿЦǶԵͷҲ˵
˶רעԼȫûвǵĵ
ȻЦ̧ͷ˵һӣң㲻ң˿Ҽ޸ĺˣ֪жĽء
Ц⻰ˡ
޸磿
ʶЦôãһֱţδȻҲ˵Ļ
Ĭ룬ڵһҵǸõˣȢ㣬նܡ
ҵˣ鲻ˣ
ЦȻ˵úν֪˳ˣΪŬ˺ܾöûɼİѾˡ
ǰŮӵִо޴롣
Ȼ˿
ǸǲҪġ
Ȼô˵ȴûһ㲻˼ı顣
߽ȥվԱߣļ򣬶Ц˵Сɩǲġ
˵
صһۡ
޸˵˾䣬˼ŮӶˣ㻹ûʲôʾ
졣
ѵ÷ŭˣ˵ֱ뿪ˡ
ȥıӰЦε̾˿
ƣ㿴ϲһϲԼжôѾŬˡ
ôѹҪһ
ȴȥοһɣ
á
Цȥһ˲䣬ۿӿˮ
ˣѹˡĴĺ󱳣Ȱ
Цҭţ˵˵ôϲأΪʲôҪϲ
ô㣬ϲֻ˵۹á
Ȱˡ
ЦĨĨᣬ¥ȥ˯ˣʲô˵ģ̫ճ𡣡
ÿС
ͷ
ЦǿһЦ˻֣ȥˡ
¥ε̾˿
ȻԼˣ޲ϲĻǲҲյЦһأ
ֻص档
߹ȥſ첲һ´Ӻ汧ס
һ˲䣬·ǵӰͷÿһ֡͡
΢΢תͷѯʣôˣ
ĽǶȣԿ̵Ľëӯزţչ㣬ķ
Ұ㡣
鲻Խؿڡ
˵仰ʱǸǿգޱӶҡҡ׹ǹ
ƺԤ׵⻰񱻴̼٣˸Өرס
ޣ˵㲻ϲңҸô찡ͱһ𡭡
ͻȻ˵Ļ޲ʧЦ
ڶһˣ˵İʲô
Ůӵ˼Ǻ֡
תס
ǵŵ˫ˮһһ˫ӣ۵Ĵꡣ
ǲСĵ䷲ľ飬о֡
һֱһֱս졣
Ƶ۾գţءš
㻹תƸղſĵĻ⣬Ȼô
ƴӻƻʱ˯˴ҹһ˯Сʱﻹ⡣
ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
̧ʱ䣬Ѿ賿һˣߵճͨ賿ĵ𣬼Ȼȥ߿ǿգٿճ
̸ʱһҪһ飬Ա
һ˵۾˲ˣûκԥ˵ãҲǺ

Ц¥֮ԭطģȴȾͷվһĨϤӰ
ʹسһȥˡ
ںȾƣŨȵת֮䱻ȵ˴ƿ
Цվ󣬾ؿãֱת
ƺһ˶񣬿Цӿֳ˸ӡ
վʲô
Щɳơ
Ц۾ֱһգҲգ񿴵ĵЩ
Ҫ˵ûһ嵽ǰ
δӦȻ̧˫֣§סĲӣѸţĴ
Ĵϣ⧲ϮϵȻһ
ܴ󵨣̽ʼĴա
һѻ˲ȼĶ궯
ЦԼʲôǲǳ嶯ֻԼߡ
żϱɰžƵǹζĸʧˣԶʼˡ
ҲƺܵƾĴ߻ãֲܿƵ̧ϡ
ƿϸ֫鲻ԽؽӷתȻѹ˴̨ϡ
ʼΪ
ЦĴ꣬ʵϷضסֱûһ˿һķ϶
ȫԵߡ
¶Цִļϣʼû
Ů̫֮Ļֱһı¶ûС
ͻȻ̧ȣϣôķ
Űϣǡ
·ΪҰޣֿҧ
ƣЦо߳ܣģһ
ѵڿʱġ˯һֵˡôҪʵ
ЦĥѾ֪Լηͷ컨壬Խ.
ȻҧȴҲᣬۡ
֪ǣҲܹԡ
Ц룬ô.ȴһͷƵġ
ǰô󲻵һ棬ΪǶֿƵġ
ЦͻȻ׹ٽ.һ˻𣬶յǡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãȻſ
Цȳһĺʧȥѵſ
еĻȻûнǾô
ͽ
ʹʹһҲͦá
Цôʱ򣬺Ȼ
һһŽ˳Ŀӡ
ǻ棬ôһգգض
ЦС˲÷ɿ죬ԼĿȫ⿪¶˾׳š
ʱĺãӦòʰɡ
ԼӺҲˣ֪ʲô

//ţ      Ů
47

˾ջԵ, Ц뿴ֲҿֻĬĬʿˮ
ĿƵضҲ֪˶, ͻȻץס
Ц²͸Ҫ, ְֱϡ
˲, Ц̵һ, Եȥ, ȴġ
ЦһǺ, ôŵ־ٶġ
ת, εò֪ҪĶãǰԼؼ͸, ھȻˣ
֪ĻΪװ
ʵóŪϹ˹ﻹ˵òҪҪġ
ʱһֻһӰļϡ
Цһ⡱˵, Ѿͷ, ̼סĴ
, ֻ˯ȹļ
֮, һ˫Ҳ·
еѪҺƺֱһЦĴʧȥзӦ
ǴħƵģ֮ἤ
һֻֻš
ôһ˾
ЦȫֵסݱĹƣһľҵţʼ彥
˿̣ҲǾ֮ˣԭѵĴԡġһ, ʲô̮ˡ
ҵｻ֯ţ˵ذϣ˫˫Ĵ󴲡
ЦŴ˿ϵˣ룺
ǲڡ
ۣЦסĲӣĴ
һ׹ػ˲øӻȡ
紵ɴƮ¹͸һԡ

޺̲ȥīɫĺ׺ǵҹ£ƽ
ҹʱֵĺߣ¼ͣһĺϮˬ
˼粢һź棬Ȼ˵Ҳġ
Ȼ뵽ЦޣλǰŮ𣿡
Ρ
ƯԸô
Զˡ
ƽִļ򣬡˵ģƶ
Ҳ˵İ˭á
⻰Ļŭŵģ޺ԽԽ˵ء
˵ôˣΪʲôûǸŮ϶ҲģϾҲͨˣϲҲǲס
ôԱ˵ôȤ
̲סȥšĶ䣬һ𣬲׼ˡ
ⲻһ𣿶¹ҺýõҸܲӰ
ԣ˵ʵ֮ǰԼǱ̬
Ϊʲô
ΪܾǸЦͬ
⻰̲סЦ
𣿡
ȻΪʲô֣ʲôһҳȥֶԸǣ֡
һ˵ܲƽ⡣
ƽϵĿ̲סЦ
ﰡŮ㻹Դף
û˵ؿź档
Ľȥһ¡СⱾ飬ߵǾ
ǣ˵С
ЦͷһǻΪϲ㣿
һЦ˽Ļſ첲ס
䲻䣿
ĸ첲еƿԼĴ£εذڻ
һů⳯Ϯ̾һͻȻеء
˯һɣҽ㡣
ͷ˵
ҡͷһÿÿ᲻˷ѡ
һûһ죬ʱ䵹Ҳúܿ졣
֪У쿪ʼˣԶʽ¶ǰף̫ǴӺƽǰ㣬âɡ
˷ܵظϽóֻգִǰͷ׼˽ġ
˵һοճм塣
ޱۣ¿֮ʣ⧲һڡ
汻õض

ո峿ĵһ⣬͸кڵذӡ´СһĹȦ
ɫ˴Ц׵ϣֻŨ˼£Ȼ󻺻۾
ͷ컨壬Ƿſ룬ʲô͵۾
ĺ˯ˣ
֮ʹЦһС
ٶ۵ػתͷ
ûѣȣ˯ú졣
ЦסСش°ˡ
˯ŵȻԵúܾ£ûһ覴ãֻһһƽͣüţǺÿıһߣ·ʲô¡
Ц˯ԼԱߣǸоһ
͵͵ƿһǣĸ첲䣬ǳռ
Ц÷ɿ죬һȫݲԼʲôо
Ŀ˳£ǰļץۣ˲䣬ȵòС
Ĳؼܷ飬ֻһƽڿ㣬׳һֱ࣬Ըе˴Ѫ
дɢźɶɵϢ
ջԡ
ЦԽԽ죬ûĵ´СÿԼϵĸ첲׼͵͵ߡ
˭֪ϵʱ͵۾
ȥĶ
ͻȻѯʵѵɤЩɳơ
Ц⡱һ£֪Ҫô
ϾѪӿһʱ嶯ҲǺ˾ƣ˶ѵ״̬
ЦñӵԼǰûת
˺ܾúܾãȻЦһԲ𡣡
ıԸģûҪ˵
Һˡ
Լм䣬ͷ۵ššüģʵڲ֪ô졣
ţ֪
Ц˵ͷЩȵʣҪ̸ܲܵȴ·

֪ӦϽȳȥæٽҡ
˵ҪߣЦЩЦõ˵㵹ȴ·
ץץͷоԼȫţ֪Ҫʲôˡ
·ȥϴּ
ЦʱɿشԼ·
ξʷˡ

˶ԼԺɳ¡
΢΢˫ֽϥǰһ顣
Цӵתǲ˼
Ҳ֪ԼǴӺζȻ
İŰɣҪһǣҲ˯
ЦȻؾԼ죬Ϊи޵Ǻۣо߳ܣǺһС
ճĬ˺ܾã˶֪ôڡ
Ϊˣ϶Ҫģȿ˿ڡ
飬ʮֱǸȻѾˣ˵ʲô޲ֻܱ֤һ㸺ġ
Цţգգۡ
ĻһӾˣһĸֺȵһ
㲻Ϊ¶ƻɣЦ̽Եʡ
ϵĻҪȵˡ
ΪԺûƿ˽һչôԤıõأ
ǲ뷨Ҷġ
Цıһ˲佩סȻô
һ̾ǴζƿƵģ˵ʲôζ
һҰȥס
ˡ
Ц𴽣͵վȢһء

Цǰȥɴ࣬˿ԥ
ЦҪȥʱһס
ЦתͷȥȻ㣬αҪϵ
ҡ
֪ôͣʵղŲǸ˼Լ顣
ЦҲû˵ʲôоʧˡ
͵ûҶǳˣԸ¶ˡ
㡭һŮӼҵжҪôô˵أ
˼뼫䴫ͳͱصģ鲻ܿô⣬ҶĻҪˣ
Ȼ֪жҪҵ£޹ء
㷢ϵңô޹أ
㡪
ƶ֪ôӣбҪѡϵĸֽô治֪ƤǺǱ
֮Ѿˣü޸ҡ
Ҳϻôˣֱ˵ؿڡ
һĿЦɾúЦ
ż޸㣬㶼ϣ˵룬ƾʲôƾã
ЦƽĻϰˣһѿڶˡ
һ䣬ıͱ
ܹķɫԹٷ˺졣
Цû뵽ô飬㿪ЦӦ˴
ʵ㼼Ҳһ㣬ҸղſЦġ
ֲһ
ɵģ䣬üһŮôֻܰأ
ôˣҲ᲻Ȣô
Ÿչһˮתˡ
ЦãŮȨȽˬ
ô˵Цȫˣһʱȫ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ

48

ЦɫǺ, һӣˡ
һȥˡ
ػ˻֣ת뿪ˡ
ıӰ, 
Ҫ, Լһᱻļ
Цӷ, ղŲǼװѰˡ
Ҫסķʱ, ЦȻʶһε, Ҫôƽҹδأ

ЦſͣƬ, û, ѵûȥ
ĥʱ˽Ų
ͷ, ЦƣǺƣӣͣŹǷ
ѵһҹ
뵽Ц͸оʮֹⲻȥͷ, µĺһ
վſڸ
ߵǰ, ʡ
, ǲ֪ҹδ鰡
ѲҲû
Цǳ, һӾͷӦˡ
ػش˾䣺ղųȥ¡
Ŷ
ƵͷӦ꣬˸ǷҸȥճˣˡ

ЦĽ˵
ЦЦҪȥˣȥĻȥд硭
˵żΣæĿڵȥ߹䡣
㲻ùҡ
ЦĶʲôȥ䡣
ƽȥϴ˸˯ˡ
˯ź, Ц͵͵ȥԡϴ衣
ͷԼĺۼ̾˿оһΡ
ϴ裬Цһڽϸߵȹӣص覸ס˲ϵǺۡ
ôãȻƣȴҲ˿û˯⣬ӷ׼ߡ
˭֪Ц¥ײȻҲûж㣬ֱͦ˴ǰȥˡ
һµĴɫɫĿϵڶҲ쵽⴦¶ʵСۣ˶Եó
Ӧúúõ̸һ¡
˵ţȻҪסЦ
˭֪ȴԱһ㣬Եúܿܵӡ
üܲسŮôô֣ǻһ޸𣿡
͵ܻӭɡ

һαҭ
ûôԵŮϱѵһֻ
Ц˵ǻͳߣû뵽Ȼ
û뵽˯һЦͻȻúֵ
ȻˣҪΪģˣƶ±Ů˸ϡ
Ц˱Ժ·һֱǰߣظ󣬺һľ롣
Ц֪˵ûˡ
ں̲Աߣһҿǻعͷ˵ǽ̸ɡ
ڱ±ʮѹ
á
ͷӦһȥˡ
ʲô㰡
Ц̨ǰ
ûиֱӶ˵
һġ
ΪҲ֪ʲôúȵġ
ۻԱ仰һڴʽӢЦƼ
ϵĲݮ̲»˫˶һһŶ
Цţ޺΢΢һЦʵ㿴𣿡
ô䣬ѵ𣿡
Цûش𣬹𣿡
ûֱӶۻԱ˵
õģԵȡ
ۻԱܿΪЦùһԼȺˡ
ôǱģ
Ӻü
Ц𣿡
ûС
Цһҡͷ͸˹ȥ
ոܺģȳԵ㶫
˵Ρ
ЦƲƲ죬ǰոģҲûʲô¡
Ҹҿ϶θһܡ
Цʲôˡ
Ϊθȷʵ
˸λ£ЦξͿʼԡ
ʲôֱ˵ɣء
꣬
㲻𣿡
ûθڡ
ôԱȣͦġ
Цνˣֲϲôء
һγ꣬Цְһˡ
ƽؿҲ֪ʲô
ǾЦΪһŮ̫ǿ󣬾̫ߡ
֮Ц˵˿ڡ
㲻˵ҪҽУҴӦ㡣

鷢չ̫죬һʱûӦ
Ĭ֮Ųŵȷϣ˵ģ
Ȼˣұİ
֮ǰǻͬ𣿡
Ůӵ˼Ѳ¡
ѵǿʵ۸
Цһı飬͵Ц
һʱϴ˸ˡ
ɾûˣܹǿ
Цı棬֣µһ飬ȷҪ޸𣿡
ȷ
ôࡣ
Цس˳ǣǰ۾һһֵ˵ҡܡȷ
Ŀ⣬ͻȻԼֳ䶨ĸо
˫ִƹâЦűĹ⣬ŵһΪһɷ򡣡

˯һЦ˵ȥҪ֤飬ŵûΪԼûѡ
šԼĸ첲ȷԼѵԺЦô˵Ҵģ
Цʲôû˵ֱӸԼϵǺۡ
ǸԭʺɫӡѾɫէһͦĿĵġ
ô᲻ʲôȻûֹݮҲϿ
ǡ
Ұ˯ˡ
Цֱӵ˵
Ƶ۾ֳ𾪣ðζûع
ķӦЦ˴
㶼벻οأ
ǡüоԼĴЩҡ
Ĭһʣ׷ʲô
ѵҰѹ̸һ£
⻰˶úһۣ㣬Ϸҡ
ЦͷˣΪҸ˲Ŷԡ
̾Ҹ𣿡
Ȼܼ޸ҲŲҸء
Цشøɴ̹Ȼ
Ƽ˼ᶨҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ÿ˵·Լѡģ޷档
ԽЦദˣԽܿ͸Ը
Ȼ濴ûûΣ֣ʵһӲӡӾСѾͷˡ
Цüͷһòеӣļ
ĵ㣬ѵ㶼Ҹ𣿡
֪ЦǹֵģͲôѡ
ˡŹ֡
ԥ˰ΣƲ˵
û뵽ܸǰ飬ÿԸҵˡ
ô˵ǿһЦﻹ̲סǡ
Цһʱûʲôʱ䳤ˣίܵöˣ϶ܲסˡ
ԸԺ﷢ĺã

׼ؼٸЦ飬ʱܸ裬̫ûˣͣ˻ȥ
ҹںŪտⰤЦ⣬˽һ
ЦȻδŻĵģԻشʱ򣬶Ц⣬ر
Ƕ죬оܸӡ
ڻûԼҪЦ¶֮ǰȻ˵ǲߣû뵽ôʹˡ
ֺȾ¡
˰ƿƣ־壬ȣԼЦʱһƿġ
ʲôأ
ȻһһתͷͿЦõЦ

49

ûʲô
˵, Ѹտõļݸ
Цӹȥ˵һлл, ȻСҧ˿ڼᡣ
, ɺܸӡ
Ϊ֪ô
Цһ̧ͷͶĿ, , ƺһ˿ᷳ
ﻹǾɡ
ôһ, Цѹ, ҲûθڳԶˡ
صƵԱ, Ƽһôˡ
Цʼ, ϳЦݣûôûûεġ
ƿǿȴֲ˵ʲô
ʱ˺ܶưԵ, 㡢ȱϺ
Լ, ȴҪ, ݵ, ιԡ
Ȼôʹɫװ
˳¹ϵǸﲻģ
ó𣿡
Ƴ󣬻˲ǡ
˭뵽ôԵǿƵһ˳һŮôĿš
ЦĬĬ̾˿
̲סĽ
ָˣΪûи, Ȼ벻Ҫչ
Ҳ֪ǰŮദģ΢ɡ
ôһ룬ЦҲ̲סҪԴˡ
ҿģ㳢
һȻЦĶ
һŤͷȻ
⴮ݸЦҫ
ЦӹȥԺ󣬰Եسգգۣʣϴֻèĸѵİ
ʲô˼
лȻ
Ҿ֪ǲŮѵģȻô¡
ٰԣԷ
Ǿ£ʲôܳϵġ

һߣЦȻĵúܿĵӡ
ôôȻأ
ʲôأˡ
޵Ķ䣬
Ͻȥһ档
°
޸оֵһ䡣
ֹһ˵ֲ˵ӡ
޾׹ˡ
йذɣ
֪öࡣ
һۣʱκˡ

ںŪտԺ󣬴ҶҪȥˣƵ֣˵ߴ
ûദء
һһ죬ܿҪӭµһ꣬ں߿ꡣ
ɳ̲ƿԼĴ£ΰȥ
ůĻƣ˿ܲϮ
Ļ·ȫıܷۡ
ƿƽĺ棬뵽Цʹ磬̲סʣ˵ʲôأ
ôô翵⣿
ЦͷҲ֪һӾѿڶˡ
ͷҴȥЩеûģֻҪúһҾǰ顣
⻰ܸж
̲ס̧ͷĴ¡
ԭᴥһ£˭֪ͷ뿪ˡ
һֻ־סĺԣһְֻסļƺǶԼĻ
Ϣÿһ϶Ƥ룬˲ȫĸй١
鲻Խֹ̧Ĳӣǡ
˺þã޲ɿ̵ȾŨص.ɫʣ۵Ķ˵ԭ㡣
⻰Ƶ˲䱬죬һۣ˵ô
˵ﻰôˣ
֪Լƴ޳ܵĳ̶ȣԱͲ˵ˡ
ȻĬСʲô
תת飬˵и㡣
ʲô⣿˵͵شߴ
üôôף
̫żˡ
æСԴʾο
ƲƲ죬СŮ²زס̲ס˳
һŮƶ׷㣬һʼϲԺϲ𣿡
ǵԺȣ
ҡͷش
޸˼ֱӾ˵Ҳᡣ
Ϊʲô
ϲĻһʼϲˡ
ô˵Ļ㲻ϲңô׷㶼ûˣ

޾ǸӣĬ˺ðβ˵㲻ͬΪעҪ㡣
⻰Ц
˭ԴǵģǺܻ˵
׷֣ǲǺгɾ͸УƵʣشÿһֶòζ
Ʋ̲סۣˣȸҸ׵ġ
ϲϵİ
ǲ
С޲СѾͷƽô࣬Ľһ˾ͺá

صЦ˿һ¥ˡ
Щʧؽ˳Լһˮͷȹ⡣
֪˵ĿʼǴ󣬲ƺŨ⣬ﻹ̲סڴ
˵öԣίܵö˾ͻڵܼ޸Ǹ˵ģ޸Ժڴֻż̲סҪ࣬ʱͲֹ˰ɡ
Ц¥侲˻¥뵽ǿҹ˿ǱߣиֳһĨڼ
һġ
ЦĵװԼһȻķȥˡ
ˡ
ŵʱҪӺˡ
ţϴڷʪģϴ˼ɫ˯ۣڴ֡
·ǣ⣬ֻһ۱ȫ
վŵЦüͷһ˲ʣ𣿡

ЦȻһҪЦź˵ʱйƤһ
ȻԼһЦ
ǼȻˣѾЦô׾ͻȥ
Цƿֱȥ
šüıӰǸһ˵ҪϢˡ
ãһ𰡣
Цתͷ¶ȻһЦ
㡭
һ飬ŤԺҪ飬ҲδĹϵء
ǡ
Ц̲סЦ˯˯ˣڸ̸ʲôأ
һŮֻܱܲߣ
˵ôˣˣ
˵Ա顣
ЦóֻҳԼĶά룬ôҪˣӸ΢Űɡ
̣ʼ̸ۼޣȴ΢Ŷûӡ
ֻЦԡֵؼС¹ײ˼¡
һ֪ԼжˣĶԺɶɵϢ
˼Ӻ΢ԺЦߵǰָԡ۵Ĵӡ
оԼǰһ԰סֱ
ֵ㡣
Цһһؿڡ
Ц΢΢üôְѳֲס
ҡ
Ҫ˵͵˽š
һٶŵֱЦЦһôô˰
Ů˵ˣǸоȻǲˬġ
üͷǿ㡣
˻û飬Ӧôܡ
Цô˵ʶ׷˾䣬ǰŮҲô
Ĭˡ
ЦʵЩ⣬Ϊֻѹ
ĬΣЩίʣҪˣ㲻ܶ𣿡
˵ЩܽӴ
ϲ롭
Ц뱻ᣬȴ־ýҲû塣
ɴ࣬ǰż⣬˫§סĲӣҪ
ȻҪ䵽Ĵʱȴͷ𿪣ʹ䵽ϡ
Цû٣˳ȥֻǻûʼû𣬾ͱǯס
ܱܲô㣿

ЦԼˣУһǸŵŮɡ
ΪʲôԺúõ
ƺô˷һס
һǾ仰ϣһ㡣һԣ˵
ܲǻء
Цؿûлش
֪ƽ£Ƕôӿ
ֽ߬ţָ׶ݽ
ͷһתֱӵҪϢˣȥɡ
һγŪЦЩҲסˡ
Ƥ
Ȼһ㡣
Цߣֱӹȥš
Цε̾˿ֻܳߡ
ڳȥǰؿһۣǸľ

ʮ٣Ԥʾµһ굽ˡ
ڷ̻صġһͻȻų貵Ĺһһ
䣬ңԶʣ·ڸ̻ƤһһΡ
һ룬޽§ס
һ§ס
ƣ֡
ſԺ󣬸˵
ƽ룬ڿĻˡ
Һÿѽ
鲻ԽǰһҲ䣬Լĵϲá
ճˣǱܣرϲˣдĿܡ
ܵɰľٶ޵Ķڻˣ޲һֱźá

Цص󣬼ƻûл
һҸںһɡ
ЦЦЦɳϣ㿪Լ΢Ȧ
һͿģѧͬѧɹ˺ѵĺա
ϣԺÿһﶼɰСѡǡǡ
飡
Цܲ˵ü
·û뵽ġ
Һ룬ԸҲԿ¡
ǰһꡣԸƽ㡣
Цһ··ļģеɹһԷеɹ͵Ŀ
ЦǰûĽ˵ģûע⣬ҲʲôԽԽ
Ǹ꣬ǽˡ
ߣһҲǵ㡣
ڣʱ㣬ЦڴܸһףֻǼ򵥵ĸ֡֡
ȻʮӣûС
ĵȦЦһǰ״̬
ΪǷζȴɫκá
ͼ̻޵ĺա
˼ɵá
΢ЦŸƵ˸ޡ
㿪򣬷͹ȥ
֡
ܿ͸ˣҲͬ򵥵ĸ֣֡
ԭû˯
ЦʧˣԸ˯ˣ˸
飬ʱǱȺˮ޸µĴڣΪȫɿܣ벻ɣˣҪôҸۣҪôʹ

ڿĵڶƵգ޵ƳȥգѾԤͣһС棬Żƻ£ڱ̺ȹʮա
⣬޻׼һɫĹȹҪϡ
ƴû˿ŵȹӣоΪ飬ֲ˼ֻܻˡ
û뵽Ҳһףɾİ׳㡣
֪ĻΪҪл
С棬ӳƵżһ硣
ƺϣõ廨һأһŷʽİɫԲӣΧɫҡҷš
ƻʱֵĺߣĺɫΨϦоƲ㣬ȻѤȴȡ
ɣҵĹ¡
ǣƵ档
̧ͷоһλš
ٺɫϼƲ˼䡣
յʱƸоԼеһӲĶһǸСС
򿪿
ջؿڡ
ƻشǸУһö䡣
һ˲䣬鲻Խؾ̾ˡ
ʱϥ¹
޸Ұɡ
⧲ƾס˶Ƕζ֪ҪηӦ
ĿƵؿһƬϡ
ƾԼȻΣЩദһĻһĻͻȻԺ
ôҲ뵽ʱȻܳ棬ŮѣҪ޸ķˡ
Ʋ֣ްָ
ָ⴫΢Ȼĵȴȵĸо
£Ĺâ貶Ŀ쳣ҫ

50

ൺȼٵһ, ЦԼһ˳ȥЩƬƵǰʱӰ죬һֱ, Ҳû˼ȥæЩ, ۿҪȥ, ܲܰһ˰ɡ
ϵǺѾÿ, Ц黨ȹ, Ȼٴһñ, ׼ˡ
¥ݵʱ, ײ˵Ŀն, ϴȹӣƺǾùڱ¶üͷ
Ц񲻶Ծô¡
ȭһشʮί, Ҹо㴩ȥ, ױɹڡ
, ȴν˵û, Ϳɹˡ
ˣҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
˵ͷȥɡ
Ц⻰ʧӿ
Ϊһ£˵һȥ档
Ȼʧ
Цû˵ʲô첽š
һ߾Ǵ죬ԷʱҶ, Цûûú֣ʣЦЦȥĶˣ
ȥɷˡ
Ŷ
ͷ̲ס˿
ɵӰôͲ֪˼һȥأ
磬ʲô𣿡ȻȻʡ
ҪƵ顣
ûȼ˻һŹ
ȻƲƲ죬Լȥɡ
극˵Ҫᣬ¥ˡ
ⳡƵ鿪СʱϵԺƣššüġ
ÿڿʣ¥ȥˮȣȥ˲
Һ񶼳ȥˣһ
óֻ㿪΢ţ˿ȦͿЦոһ̬
еˡ
ǾͼƬŷ羰գһ˵ĺա
ЦΪֹԽ߸Ź֪һŮôôأ
ӦҪˣȻͱôܣҹȻȦ
ѵ
;ú
˿ĶλĳСʮ๫
ôȥôԶĵطˣڹ⣬زģҲ»Σա
ϾԼδķˣԥһǾȥˡ
ǵ߳ȥ
ڱĳмĦгһ׼ȥЦ
ȻʿĦеˣİá
Ħг˲һСʱ͵С
źûþҵЦû뵽Ȼڸһλ˧գλ˧ϴ·ӦòȦλ
ǣܷḻʰ
Ħгͣסؿ棬ûǰȥϾ˼æ¡ô˼أ
Цڱţһֱûڸλ˧պ󣬶ԷҪӰ
ȻܾܾͷӦˡ
˱ȽϿţһ죬ֱ§סļ
ЦҲǶౣصԸڹⶼԵΪȻûʲô
ȺգһתĨϤӰ˲䶨סˡ
һ룬ЦΪԼˣΪôͻȻأ
Ȼʹգգۣ˻ûʧȷ
ɺϻʲô
Цıмִ㵡
㶵ʱλ˧ͻȻգһ
ԷҪ˵ټò˸
Цλδɷ򡱵滹ЩģڨڨȻЦ£ûղô̬ȿˡ
նţƺڽϾ˭ȹ
ջЦȰˣ˹ȥ
úܿİ
˵ţҲ
аɡЦôˣ
ľﳵ䡣
Ȼרġ
ЦʶԼˣɾÿЦ
硭
׼
ͬʶԷԵʲôЦ׼ȥĶ
˵
˵
ͬʱЦεͷ־ʮֺЦ
Է𣿡
ˡ
Եʲô
ߵɫͣһλص˧ȥԡ
Ŷ
ķӦƽƺ˵Ȥ
ЦҪæȥգҲˣɣˡ
˵ֱת뿪ıӰеͷԡ
ô˵߾ˣ
֮ǰǻڿ˵ϲ޸ԸԳ̬֮ˣ
ȻʵҲɵ
Цһʶ˵ص˧磬ϲˡ

йŮܻͨӭһЩ˸ͶЦߵĶעȶܸߡ
ĦԼһȦϾСô
һ棬ϲԼͬ¶Ρ
Цȥò㣿
ˣϻҪ˳ԷȻذɡ
ЦҲûֱӾܾˡ
üôˣ˭Է
һλصˣҴһߵרҶԷ˽µĻ
˧磿
ţǲ
Ц˵꿴ֻ¶żҲ˵ˣҵøϽƵˡ

ӱ׷ڱлǲܡ
ЦһƵվԭء
֣ôûأ
վأ
㡣
˵ѣڵ
Ҹ
ΪδбҪ֤ȫ
ô˵ôأ
Цһ࣬ʮֿЦ
ֲСӣܱ˹˲ɣ
ģҾҲͷϣû֤ء
㡪
⻰ˡ
ôôѻأ
࣬ЦæĿڵҪʵڲĵĻϾ͸һȥԷɡ
á
Ӧ쳣ʹ죬ֱȦ
ЦͻȻ֣ϸţ͵ö̬Ȳ㣬
ҸæЦһ˵һ߰ݸļգһҪĺÿ㡣
˳óôҲÿ
˼ҳúܳ󣿡
Ĭ룬ֻڲһʵ
ʵȷʵúܳ󣿡
Цʼˡ
ҡҡͷƯ
̶̵һ仰˲ЦĻŭˡ
ȥߣͷġ
žͷִ󷽣⡣
òϣȷ
Ц˼źƬһۡ
Ц󣬱ʾüҵĵ̫ˡ
ȱͶ̡
޻˵
Цس˳ǣãˡ
һľ

ϣЦȥһҲ
ԭЦ˵˧һλѮ˰
ǹ̼
ڸԷʱЦֱӴ󷽵˵ҵδ򡣡
⻰˺ֺܱŤĸо
ǲ̫ӦͻȻðһδ¡
˴һ˵ǿܰ䣬ظҲܲ
⻰ЦֻǿһЦ
Ⱳá
˶ٲͣ˶ԵطнʱЦһֱʼǡ
ȻʶԼûô˽ʲô
극ҪĦЦ뿪
Цû뵽Ħг⿴Ż顣                        
лҪ˵ļᣬЦĹ·ڷдǻʲô뿴

51

ȷ
Цĵ˾, Ϊȥô˹ĵˣӦò
Ҳˤ˵ġ
ΨһͷͷϣЦȴҡͷ, , ˭Ҫ
ȫһ
, ˡЦҡͷ, ɡ
㲻, Ҹܴ
, Цһ, 㻹Ǹˡ
ѵ֮ǰٵģ
ЦĦгһ, §Ӧòռ˰ɣ
Ȼȥ𣿡
طһ䣬Цƿԡ
ǰɳ۶ȥĦеһˬӢ
üĿ, ǰ, ϵȻ
Ħг۳ڿһ˵·, ж·ɵϢ
ҹС, ·඼·ƣЦͷ紵Ʈ
ĺ󱳣̲ס룬һֱͺˡ
ԽԽ᲻ã̲סر
ܵľٶӹһ˿Ȼųѵڲм˼֡
ЦǵһĦгĸоǰżڵʱ, ԼгһҲܱһţȥԸ⡣
ϵķ紵оԼĶŷ
ЦĴЦ⣬вһ뷨̲סֱӣ̧ͷĶش˿
һ飬̵ʵһ㡣
ЦƲƲ죬ʵ
ԣûģԽֶʼˡ
Ǹһװ˼ĴˣǰȴϷġСϱ
Ц鲻Խǰ¸¡
ٶվͺȻ𡰺¡һ
Цŵ˷һ̧ͷ˿գ־Ȼܲˡ
ѵ춼ȥˣ
һ
òҪ˰ɣ
䣬оС꣬ơ
ã
Цһ⣬쳣侲˵ǵץʱҸطꡣ
¿տҪȥأ
ԽԽڣǰ·ˡ
Ҳűóʪ紵϶Щ̹ǵ䣬¶˲轵˲֪ٶȡ
Ĩ˰ϵˮڿһܱĵط
ϽﳵȥͣסЦ³
Цϴ黨ȹʪ͸ˣɪɪ
رԼĸ첲ͷʪڲ԰׵ϣ޹ңоᵽһ˿ϧ
ͦġ
ûһ׳ҪȻղҲܸˣ˭뵽˵أ
Цô£Щ޴ˡ
ðȴֲ֪ô
Ц֣ͣʱȻ뵽һĸʡ
Ĳ죬ܡ
׸ʱôҲ뵽Լᾭ顣
˵ĳ
ǲǺ䣿
ͻȻһѯʡ
ЦŤͷ̲סһۣⲻʵķϻ
˭㴩ôٳŵġ
¶첲ü
ЦֱĿϳŵʱ28ȣʱ35ˣѲɻҪ߼һף
ŮӵҪעⱣΪ˰
ĿǺһλϸס
˵ˡ
Цü
Խ˵Խⳡôôϸһ治֪֮ǰô̸ġ
˵ǻʵҲǱ˼ǿô䣬̲ס˵䡭
ôܲ䣿 
̲סһ䡣
Ц⻰ſ첲ͱס
Ͳ𣿱
ܵĶһоԼĲһ¡
ͷһۣѯʣʪյ˱һĺ𣿡
Цسǣſ
ûȤˡ
ñء
һͣˡ
ЦϽϳһּ¡
Ц鲻Ըȥ˭Ħгġ
ҪǿҲܵôҡ
Ͳˡ
ԹҲ̲סԼ˵˾仰
Ц⻰Ծɵʣ㲻˵Լôҵˣ
ûлشĬĬϳȻš
˵ʵ͵ĬϣЦתת飬ǵ𣿡
űǲ˵
ЦٸȤƲƲ졣
ദҲͦġ
ãһ·û꣬˳ص˱
ʱɫӦö¥Ϣȥˣټıﾲĵġ
ߴЦ¥ˮ裬·
ЦȷʵҲòˣɿȥˡ
ȴ˳ҳһһǣ׼ǽˮЦºǵøðɡ

Ц¥䣬ƼʪøƵĻɴ㵵ȥĶˡ
¶˵
Ц˸磬ӣŸϽҳɾ·ԡˡ
оԼر䣬֢״ʱ򣬶Ҫð߷ա
˸ˮЦԼøˡ
Һһ֯ˡ
ͷɣҪ£죬
߹ȥţЦһվ棬ϾȻűʪ·ûл
룬Цģ
Ȼ
ղŵһ˲䣬һɵƮɫ֯ͬɫп㣬оЦ˵ʶıˡ
ǱȽϲ񾲵ĸоɶµŮӡ
㰾˺ǽˮȺȰɡ
⻰Ц类һ㣬ԭء
ʪ·ûü͸ǽˮȥˣ
ŮױСϸ򶯣ЦݲԼһ̵ĸܡ
л
Цձĳһ־ʹ˸硣
㻹ðˡ
ü˵ҪתҸøðҩϡ
ˣҾе˯һͺˡ
Цæסĸ첲ܾĺ⣬˵ָϽߴץʱ·ɣȻĻҲҪðˡ
û£ֿǿ
˿ŻǾòģǽ˾䣬ĻҷϢҸҩ
ã֪ˡ
ЦͻȻĻˡ
ô˵ⲻ㹻
Цӽӹţղжö֪ôˡ
Ƽʧǵؽæʲôˡ
Ц૵ʣǲһֱͦõģ
ǰ
֮𣿡
ǰдҸȥ·꣬ұʪˣ͸һ뽪
ԣ˭ôõġ
Цĵ׵ĸж嵭֣Ҳͦĵģ
ȹǽˮЦ˯ˣҲ֪˯˶ãҹȻԼɤ񱻻չһɵܣǾʹӴˣȥˮȡ
һ¥û뵽ȻҲڲǰţûüģҵĿ
ðˣ
Цʶʡ
ȥһƣ顣
е赭д˵ַ꣬ҹ˯
ȱˮɤܡ
Цһ˵һ̫ѨΪͷҲеۡ
ô˵㻳ǲǷˣҸ¼¡
˵ȥ¼ƹЦ󣬷־Ȼյ38ȣѹܵ˹
Ͻҩϣ²ãЧ绹£ʹȥҽԺ
ЦһʶǲҪȥ𣿡
գɻܡ
ɻƱѾ˰
ûϵԸǩ

ЦҪգȻʶʱعʣ
ţǲҲͦõ
عɲл쿴ˡ
ôһ룬Ц͸оԼ˲ˡ
ҩˣ¥ȥϢͷۣȴõġ
ܿˣõ峿Լ
Ц˸ǷԼͷǺۣ֮ǰ¼Ѿ385
ôԵҩûһأ
ʱ˴Цǵʣҿɫܲã㲻˰ɣ
ҷˡ
Цεʼ磬ܲܺһȥˡ
Լһ˴
ҵģԼҪġ

ҷĽչٰ
ðɡ
Ц˼򴽣Ǳǰǿˡ
ദദ
š
Ц룬ദɲôദ

Цһ¥ȥͣɻʮӣǾ͸ûȥˡ
ЦûУЦ˵ˣʮ˶ȶࡣ
ҴȥҽԺ
ɷ˵ؿڣǣϷɻùˡ
˵Ц׼ȥҽԺˡ
ԼӸղôŵӣ͵͵ƣǲǶ˼˼
֪飬ֻЦЦȷ˵ܰɡ
Ҳ֪絽Ц˼ΪҪ޸˹ġ
Ͼ֮ǰ˵ԼûǰŮѣӦòôͰЦɡ
ȻϣѾ˵ġ

ҽԺҽЦգֱӾҪҵƿ
Цʹ࣬Ȼܴ֣ȴǳ´롣
üͷ֪£ǰѸ첲ȥ˵µĻҸ첲
תעû뵽治ĸ첲ͺݺȥ
˻
һ£˲䵹һо뻹Ҫۡ
ЩԼոôˡ
ѿ㡣
ʿСλ𷢱۵ĴŮôʽЦ˵
ЦоܱǸ
ģĲڽ
ϵƿ󣬻ʿСͳȥˡ
Ц͵һĸ첲ֱĵطˡ
üͶ˰˵˼Ҳġ
û˵ʲô۾˯
Цûģʣĸðڿԡ
ûôء
Ҳأͷնѡ
ô˵Щ˵˾䣺Ͳٰջô죿

Ц˲ĬȻû뵽˶һ档
ȿȿȡ
ֿʼ
Ц󣬺ܵĵüȴ̲סһ䣬㲻˵ֿܺõ𣿡
㴫Ⱦġ
ЦĬ룬¥ǻѾʼ˺𣿡
ͽʱȾġ
ˣЦǾúܺ档
һˣŤͷȥ˯
ʱͻȻȥҲ֪ȥˡ
Ц˻û͸èץһԼˡ
ڣ˰Сʱˡ
Цû뵽ԭǸȥˣжԤ׵ˡ
Ϊϵʱû;ͱֱӴҽԺˣ¶ӣ͸Ͻȥˡ
Ц֪ô˵źã룬ӦܳΪģɷ򡱵ģ塣
ȳ԰ɡ
ѲϵС򿪣Ȼһ࣬Сˡ
ߺ࣬רŸһв˵绰˸͹ġ
Цĵδ֣ӣǱؿι𣿡
ǰЩŮǻιϵЬоòУû뵽ڵȻҲ
̫죬硣
üƺԥ˵á
Ц˼۾εε˵Ǹء
û뵽ػ㡣
Ǻǣˣ

52

ƺ޵ִԺ, Ц˸绰ˡ
Ц˵ڴΣûʲô, ġ
˼˵绰
ƽЦ˵ת, ҲҪġ
ü, ΪЦܳ, ˫ϲ, ܲô
ǻ, סƵ, ˵ĵطԺк, һҪ
һأôӡƳ֣װһۡ
綼еġ˵⻰ָߣҪ, 
ĬȻ, ˵Ҫ, ԡ
, Եġ
ôоȦأ
ƹ龫ֵתת飬ٶˡ
ע⵽ˣʣղʲôĶˣ
˭˭ˡ
ʶȴΪŶ¡
б𴽣Ц¡
һ˵ġ
㲻ǽҲܿˡ

֮󣬻ʿСЦˡ£˵û, 37ˣܽ¶ˡ
ЦҽԺţ˵Ҫȥȴͬ⡣
ˣҲٴһ졣
Ϊʲô
Ч
Цɴ˵ҲܣҾҪȥ
㻹Сôôԣ
ֺЦؿ
ұԣֲͷһʶˡ
Цݣ޻˵
ֲջͬرˡ
Ѿ㣬˶ӶˣЦɳϢȻȥˡ
ЦɳҲģȥĦˡ
ʲô
عͷ
С
Ц˵ʱóֻʶλ˧ϢԼԷ
תת飬ЦԷϢ岻ǸܸԼˡ
Ӣ˵ģһͲǸ˭ķϢ
΢üװ˾䣺컹ʶ𣿡
ҷȦǸ˧硣
ԷϵʽʲôرĴ
ͦ˧ġ
Ǳ㳤úÿ

һԻоġ
ֲĳ嶯ˣ˼ҲԼԷôȥԺˣķ϶Ҫøá
Էţh𣿡
ЦԱߣ
ĿҪô࣬Լɡ
ʲôҸ˵ֲ
Ҳᡣ
ղֱ˵ˣ
Цתת飬ò˵Ǹ˧磬Դ˰ɣ
ûС
ûԥط
Ц̾˿оУҲᳰЦġ

˵ˣЦоûתصλˡ
һƺ«ദֱ̫Ȥˡ
˰Сʱ˷˵Цǰ
Ƿţh۾˲һ
㲻˵㲻𣿡
԰ٶȡ
ػش꣬Էˡ
Ц˳ζֱϵúóԡ
극ԺùҩϽˣȻ¼ƣ¡
ЦѾˣ367ƺܿʹعˡ
ٶȣ
߹ʡ
Цʵ˵ˣ˵ͷǺԻعˣϢһ졣
á
عôţ
ţЦû׹˼
ʲôʱҼ㸸ĸһ棿ܵȸǴкóȻװɣ

Ц룬˵ǻ֪ҽѵ¶ҵȸѡ
㸸ĸú˵Ҫŵǡ
Ц˵ͷҪ֪һλôѣζЦѡ
ԡ
̫ˣҲ֪ܲܽܡ
Ц˵ǡ
¥Ϣɣ
ֳ˵
ЦͷӦ̲סʣأ
Ҫᡣ
ĺæζȼٶǺò׳ʱ䣬ԭƻصģΪЦֵˣֻܼԶ̿ˡ
Цô˵Թ¥ٴˡ

ϰ˵㣬Ц˯һ춼ˡ
뵽ټıֻˣյģ̲סСġ
Ц˿ܣ´ˡ
ĥǲǸϢһ£ϸ΢
˭
ʣǱˡ
Ůһ˵ʱ̲ס˼롣
һ˭
ʱ⶯ҹѩɽʵϪˮЦ
ɿشӴȥܵſڣš
ҽһ˯ˣ̫ˡ
Ͷ˵¡
Ȼعüû飬סһ𡣡
˯Ĵ˯ɳͺˣ
ôôأ
¥ԷģΪѾŵˣٲԷҩˣҩЧ͸ϲˡ
Ц󣬿Ĳһ̾
ѡ޸ǶԵġ
⻰ЩСġ
Цһ⼸ˣȫָ׵Ժˡ
һ½һӣԵ÷𾢡
󣬶˰׷
극ЦΪ˱ԼҪϴ룬ȴһھܾ
㻹ץʱҩˡ
Цոƺڼٿôһ˵̵ˡ
ϳһ˿˿Ρ
Цҩȥ˿˵ӻ
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˻ҩЧˣ˿ʼ˯·ϾҪ˯ˡ
ڳϴԺ󣬽Ϳ۾Ѿ˯ŵ
˯һˣô˯
ؽһȴûзӦ
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ЦƤܳ͵͵ɨһֱۣ޵ˡ
ºڿ㹴ճߣ޳˫Ľţĺڷһ촽úܽ
ͷ΢΢ţµſӽ⿪ƹ£籡˪
ֱ˧òˡ
ôţЦڲг˯ȥۣѾڡ
㵵شΧһԼڿ
ѵڿ˯ţûй
Цһɫë̺˳ƻ䡣
Ŷ뻹Ÿ˶
۾Ц߳˿ķȥ
緹΢ĳϣճһǳǳĹΡ
Ϻá
š
ͷӦʣӦûв˰ɣ
š
ҶĻƱعˣ˾кҪҪ
⻰Ц˵ʧǼٵģҲֻȥЦ˵ð
ֲȻ޲ܶһһ룬ѾȲԶˡ
֪ع᲻ԼҪȢľ
˭˵׼أ
磬˱ȥ˻׼ع
ЦʮΪ֪ԼҪʲô
ܺ£ԼعԺͺϵҲ뿪ˣ
ɻʻСʱִسеʱѾҹ
˹ӣȰЦͻصң³ʱûж˵һ仰žˡ
ŽʧҹɫеĳβЦ룬ѵ鶼Ĵ



ЦҺƷϢ, ˵ˣƺܲ죬Ϊ˵Ǳ߶졣
ӳóһ, ִӱó, Ц˳
һһ߸ƴ˵绰
ڸ
ţô, Щ⡣
, Цɣ
Цε̾˿, Сʱķɻ, ڷɻϾͳ˼, ʶûҶֱӰͻؼ, Ȼˡ
Ȼ֪æ⣬Ҫһɣ
ֲǷҪȥԷֻҪһģӦòְɣ
ͨ¶, ЦҲһ, ۶˭Ӧ̫, ˲ϧĸʡ
ûйȵĻϲ, 㲻мȵıˡ
Ӧ°ɡ
Ҳ֪ô˵
ЦνЦûϵҲóԡ
ʲôʱ˵
Ҫأʮ꣬˵ôҰ迪ڰǲܽô
ȦǺܳ𣿡
ʵᣬȦﰡ
û£Ҵô, ʵ˵尢̿϶ͬ⡣
Цô˵ȥ̽һ˼ͻȻϮŵǡ
ڶȥ˰ңͻȻúϡ档
ӹ湻ˣ
š
ЦӦ裬ʲôҸæɡ
Բ߱˵գ¼а̣ҲϰԼ³
á
ܾŮĺ⣬²ʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ķʲô°ЦڨڨȻسʲôӲ۾
ڼҴһ磬ЦûڣȵԷʱֻװƵֹ裬˵ڵȦôˣΪʲôŮǶұԼʮأ
̧ɨһۣҪңҴȡ
ȿȿȡЦŵÿԣķˡ
̬ȣһʱǲ˵ˣǵȹ˵ɣʡǶڶȡ

ͻؼҿʼûϵһֱЦϻؼҺ󣬲յϢ
ûи˵Цһͦżء
ȹ˵ûʲôΪҲôġ
ϣʱ䣬Ǳ˴˶ܺú侲һ¡
Цָ䣬Ϊڡ
ϢüǾؿǲŸ飬ѵΪ
Ҫ侲ҿǵú
ЦظȥĻظЦ˿ĸо
ҪˣĻͲõᷴˡ

ĴڽԪعûþҪˡ
ƵƷڴǰУ˾Ƴһϵе´Ʒ˷ᡣ
޴ȥμ˷ᣬԼƷģصϽչƵʮּ
ֳ˺ܶȦڵͬУƴпմ
߹ȥкմЦ˵ǶԵġ
Ʋ˼ЦЦ˵ҵ㣬ֻиƽ̨֤ҵʵ
ɵѾͷ
մεҡҡͷ꣬Ȼƾḻ
һеʦмǿԼģƽ̨Ƕ˵һ°ֻҪʵء
մһƵ֣࣬ص˵лл
೧̽ƷԤû뵽ƵƷܵҵĻӭλӵһ
Щţ˽ޣһв㰲ŵİɣ
бһЦⶼƾʵõģôôأ
ͷ¶΢Ц
ǰŬΪʲôأ
ͷǱһ˵˾䣺ҵˡ
Ƶ۵Ц۾һ
˵ɣҪʲô
ʲô𣿡
Ȼ
˵ֵʱ򲢲֪Ҫս
ƵֳһĨ󻺻ڵ㴩Ůװա

ȫʺ
ղſ˵ʲôԣɷһԼȳ׷
ʲôȤζ
͵Цˡ
ȻӦˣҲܷڣֻӲͷƤˡ
ϣĹԢһİɫ˿ȹ
ȹеȹڲģΪʮַʴ޾ܴȥ
һԼ۷ΪôҲ벻ԼȻôһ졣
ȷҪҴ
ܲ˵ı顣
صصͷ˭Ӧء
ε̾ԼѡСڹҲҪꡣ
ȥ䣬컻ȹӣȻԥ˳ȥ
޵ϴһʮ߳ܵ飬Ϊ˺Ƹˣǻˡ
Ѿֻ׼ˣһգ޸ϽסԼ׼ģ
ѾЦˣһװ˼ĴӴŮɰȹӣʵ̫Υ͸ˡ
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